摘要
The effects of polymer and metal adsorbates on charge transport in graphene are reviewed to show how such surface contamination has long been a critical obstacle to using graphene for unique applications that require large-area and extra-clean flatlands, such as sample supports for electron microscope studies of molecules, single-molecule resolution chemical sensors and biosensors, and ultra-high-speed electronics. An optical approach is used to determine the density/coverage of the adsorbates and ways of removing unwanted polymer residues are investigated. © 2014 Woodhead Publishing Limited. All rights reserved.