Abstract
Wireless ad hoc networks have received significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications on the battlefield, in disaster relief operations, festival field grounds, and historic sites. A wireless ad hoc network consists of mobile hosts dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of an existing network infrastructure. In such a network, each mobile host serves as a router. One important issue in ad hoc network routing is energy consumption. In MANETs, mobile hosts are powered by batteries and unable to recharge or replace batteries during a mission. Therefore, the limited battery lifetime imposes a constraint on network performance. To maximize the network lifetime, the traffic should be routed in such a way that energy consumption is minimized.