Abstract
This chapter begins with a general introduction regarding approaches to the use of biophysical and biochemical stimuli in regulating the fates of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) differentiation (such as neuron cells, muscle cells, bone cells, etc.). Among these approaches, mechanical stimulation provides an innovative strategy to specific inductions of hMSCs. We then describe the application of the specific biophysical stimulation of spring constant obtained from silicon nanowires (Si NWs) to induce the fate regulation effect on hMSCs. This is achieved in the absence of induction medium through alpha 2 beta 1 integrin heterodimers, vinculin and focal adhesion kinase.