Abstract
Nature is always the main source of all inspiration. During the process of evolution, nature has created strong, sensitive, and promising smart materials to realize structural construction and functional integration. The unique and fantastic proper ties of natural materials have triggered enormous scientific interest to fabricate carbonaceous materials such as graphene, a two-dimensional single-layer carbon sheet with a hexagonal packed lattice structure. Indeed, the last decade has witnessed the certain merits and great advances of this wonder material in a variety of scientific fields for both fundamental research and practical applications. Given the enormous potential moti vated by its properties, graphene is now increasingly used as a potent biomimetic material for wide technological applica tions. This chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of the versatility of graphene and its counterparts as competent biomimetic materials for artificial photosynthesis, enzyme biomimetics, superhydrophobic films and surfaces, ß-sheet proteins, cellular membrane, mammalian skeletal muscle, as well as cell sensors with remarkable performance.