Abstract
The use of microcarriers with a dynamic fluid culture system can mimic the internal environment of cells that provide the stem cells located in the carrier with a way for nutrient mass transport. At the end of the nineteenth century, the technique of growing cells in a dish has proven invaluable for cell biology experiments. At a typical laboratory scale, culturing such numbers of cells is extremely challenging because the scalability of adherent cells has never been demonstrated at such. To reduce costs, it is necessary to select the correct scale-up process for mass production of cells. Additionally, it is important to choose the proper scale-up process to achieve the large number of cells required and to decrease manufacturing costs. In general, a typical bioreactor consists of three functional parts, which are cell chambers, monitors, and controllers, that provide a controlled and stable environment for stem cells.