Abstract
Pharmaceutical therapy is the first-line strategy for managing brain diseases. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) poses a significant obstacle, limiting the therapeutic effectiveness and applications. Furthermore, the inability to track drug distribution further compounds these challenges. Therefore, developing theranostic nanomaterials has garnered significant interest in the field of brain disease treatment. These nanomaterials have the capability to carry and release drugs while being monitored by imaging modalities. As a result, the integration of novel nanotechnology enables these nanomaterials to bypass the BBB via various biological pathways. Moreover, by incorporating external stimuli-responsive properties, the safety and functionality of these nanomaterials can be further extended, catering to on-demand action purposes. This chapter aims to provide a detailed review of the latest advancements in advanced nanotheranostics for BBB intervention. Additionally, given the promising role of ultrasound in noninvasive brain applications, a series of ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanoparticles will also be discussed in this chapter.