Abstract
An improved low-Reynolds-Number ? - ? turbulence model is proposed. The model is designed not only to conform with the near-wall characteristics obtained with direct numerical simulation data, but also to possess correct asymptotic behaviour in the vicinity of the wall. Key features of the model are the adoption of the Taylor microscale in the damping function and the inclusions of the pressure diffusion terms in the k and e equations. Further applications of the present model to two-dimensional backward-facing-step flow, indicate that the present model reproduces correctly the skin-friction coefficients and the near-wall heat transfer coefficients.