Abstract
Articulatory effort has been widely discussed under different speech production models. A good way to explore this issue is to test the hypothesis that speakers naturally desire to minimize articulatory effort during fast speech rates, such as undershoot of the target sound. This study demonstrates articulatory effort at different speaking rates by examining articulatory trajectory using the Electromagnetic Articulograph AG500. The results suggest that the articulator undershoots a target and the valley of the target might go deeper while the velocity increases.