Abstract
Sequences and codes such as PN sequences , orthogonal non-PN sequences ,convolutional codes and turbo codes currently proposed/used in 3Gsystems will continue to play important roles in B3G systems. However,several recently developed sequencing and coding techniques such aslarge area synchronized (LAS) sequences , space-time codes, redundantresidue number system (RRNS) codes and low-density parity -check (LDPC)codes have the potential to be adopted in B3G systems due to theirpromising performance in different respects. In this paper, we willintroduce RRNS codes and LDPC codes which might be less familiar tothe ordinary readers.