Abstract
<p style="text-align:justify; text-indent:24.1pt"><span style="font-size:12pt"><span style="text-justify:inter-ideograph"><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="layout-grid-mode:char"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">文本對勘是學者經常用來研究漢譯佛典的語言的一種研究手段，筆者</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">使用梵漢對勘與同本異</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">譯方式來對</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">《藥師經》中五個詞語進行考察。</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">梵文本《藥師經》是</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">1931</span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">年在喀什米爾，如今歸屬巴基斯坦的吉爾吉特（</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Gilgit</span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">）附近的一座塔里發現的，目前保存四個漢譯本。</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">本文主要利用同經異譯和梵漢對勘方法，並適時對照其他漢譯佛典的方式，討論五個《藥師經》中語意不明確的漢譯詞：</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">「大丈夫相」、「小好」、</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">「樂聞」、「</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">像法轉時</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">」和</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">「作使」，</span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">以更精確地考察這五個漢譯詞的語意</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">，並從中瞭解譯經師的翻譯策略。</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">許多人認為佛經艱澀難懂，其中的一個原因是佛經中充溢著太多專有名詞，從漢譯詞無法得知其真實意義，如本文所考察的「大丈夫相」和</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">「</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">像法轉時</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">」。其次，有些漢譯詞為中土文獻從未出現的詞彙形式，如</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">「小好」和</span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">「作使」；再者，漢譯詞與梵文詞本有的意思有所差異，如</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">「樂聞」。本文發現</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">達摩笈多在</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">《藥師經》所使用的</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">「丈夫大相」一詞，應該是</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">《高麗</span></span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">藏</span></span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">》與《</span></span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">大正藏</span></span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">》的誤植</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">。此外，玄奘在</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">《藥師經》所使用的「</span></span><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">像法轉時</span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">」是他個人獨創的語詞，沒有其他譯者沿用。「轉時」譯自</span></span><span lang="FR" style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">vartamāne</span></span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">，是玄奘</span></span><span style="line-height:175%"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">忠實仿譯梵文詞素所產生的讓人無法理解或誤解的語詞。透過梵漢對勘與同本異譯的方式，讓許多語意不明確的詞語都找到適切的詞意，印證梵漢對勘和同本異譯為佛經語言學研究的不二法門。</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>