摘要
Quantum computing requires an error correction code to protect the messages against quantum noise. Surface codes are suitable for quantum error correction based on their local-qubit connection. Decoding via the conventional belief propagation (BP) algorithm is deficient for highly degenerated codes. Using the proposed block-layered sign-flipping (SF) technique, this problem can be mitigated and the error rate performance can be improved. The decoder hardware implemented for the [181, 1, 10] surface code occupies an area of 0.97 mm 2 and achieves a latency of 315 ns in a 90 nm process.