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Measurements of $Z$-boson pair entanglement in decays of Higgs bosons at the ATLAS experiment
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Measurements of $Z$-boson pair entanglement in decays of Higgs bosons at the ATLAS experiment

Georges Aad, Erlend Aakvaag, Braden Keim Abbott, Sara Abdelhameed, Kira Abeling, Nils Julius Abicht, Haider Abidi, Mohammed Aboelela, Asmaa Aboulhorma, Halina Abramowicz, …
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2026-01620

摘要

Entanglement is a key property of quantum systems. In this Letter the first measurements of quantum entanglement between spins in pairs of $Z$ bosons are reported, using proton-proton collision data from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at center-of-mass energies of 13 TeV and 13.6 TeV, recorded with the ATLAS detector. Measurements of angular observables sensitive to $ZZ^*$ spin-density-matrix elements in the $H\rightarrow ZZ^* \rightarrow \ell^+\ell^-\ell^+\ell^-$ process yield coefficients $C_{2,1,2,-1} = -0.71 \pm 0.45$ and $C_{2,2,2,-2}=0.08 \pm 0.44$, consistent with their Standard Model predictions. A complementary hypothesis test using the full angular distribution, and relying on several Standard Model assumptions in the decays, provides substantially higher sensitivity to quantum correlations and disfavors the separable-state hypothesis at a significance of 4.7 standard deviations (expected $4.9σ$) relative to the entangled Standard Model hypothesis. These results provide strong evidence of quantum entanglement between massive bosons (spin qutrits) at the electroweak scale.

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