Abstract
This dissertation describes the development of lignocellulose-based analytical devices (LADs) for rapid bioanalysis in low-resource settings and glycan-based sensors for bacterial detection. LADs are constructed using either a single lignocellulose or a hybrid design consisting of multiple types of lignocellulose. LADs are simple, low-cost, easy to use, provide rapid response, and do not require external instrumentation during operation. Here, we demonstrate the implementation of LADs for food and water safety (i.e., nitrite assay in hot-pot soup, bacterial detection in water, and resazurin assay in milk) and urinalysis (i.e., nitrite, urobilinogen, and pH assays in human urine). Notably, we created a unique approach using simple chemicals to achieve sensitivity similar to that of commercially available immunochromatographic strips that is low-cost, and provides on-site, rapid detection, for instance, of Eschericia coli (E. coli) in water. This bacterial assay, however, cannot provide specific E. coli identification. Therefore, we proposed the development of glycan-based sensors to overcome such a challenge. We have successfully established Man9(GlcNAc)2-functinalized sensors and dendrimer-type glycan-based sensors. Although we did not yet present direct clues to the feasibility of our glycan-based sensors for bacterial detection in this dissertation, we have achieved the success of engineering original paper into glycan-based sensors and pointed out their potential applications in medical diagnosis.