Abstract
Developing of a simple and cost-effective strategy to diagnose and treat cancer with single and minimal dosage through noninvasive methods are highly challenging. To make such theranostic strategy effective, single light induced photothermal and photodynamic reagent with dual modal imaging capability is highly desired. Cancer has long been considered a huge threat to the world population, leading to millions of threat worldwide. Often cancer leads to weaker immune system in the body, making it easier for bacterial attacks and secondary infections. Bacterial pathogens have caused much more havoc in our lives in general and the lack of effective conventional antibiotics exposes us to a major epidemic threat. Modern therapeutics based on nanomaterials has provided various solutions due to their unconventional approach towards pathogen killing and inhibition. For cancer, recent studies on drug delivery have shown progress although limited by the system of application and delivery process and often, drugs are designed very specific to their target disease. Designing of a multifunctional nanomaterials, keeping in mind their unconventional applications is a challenging task. Our major concern must be to employ nanomaterials for a potential breakthrough in the field of biomedicine and therapy. Modern therapeutics demand for specialized delivery system while rest are limited due to their insolubility in water. Graphene, considered a wonder material has emerged as a promising material owing to its fascinating properties in superior electronics, thermal stability, specific surface areas, optical and mechanical, as well as good conductivity. Apart from the other intriguing properties, graphene is also a biocompatible material, unlike its other counter parts like fullerene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Among the globally prevalent and further emanating risks of recently engineered nanomaterials, organic pollutants, microbial infections, etc., dumping of dyes in ground water thereby contaminating the water supply is the most notable. Untreated Industrial wastes containing dyes are released on our grounds and water bodies, which demands for a more strategic and efficient water treatment methods. For such concerning problems, we have designed a graphene based nanocomposite for effectively destroying dyes and organic pollutants, like Rhodamine B and bacterial population while still maintaining its biocompatibility. Our designed materials have not only been successful in killing cancer cells, but also bacterial pathogens. Therefore, the discovery of materials like RGOPAA, DHA@MGPAICT and G-V-PEI, we provide a diverse choice of materials with effective and vast potential applications in biomedical diagnostics and imaging, photodynamic and photothermal studies, magnetically guided drug delivery, as well as effective treatment for organic water pollutants.