Abstract
本文擬從互動社會語言學(interactional sociolinguistics) 的觀點探 討玩笑行為在中國朋友日常生活會話 中所扮演的角色. 首先,作者將玩 笑行為區分為兩類:揶揄(teasing)及玩笑話(humorous remarks).此兩者 最大的不同在於被揶揄位的對象必定是談話者之一,且一定是被其它的反 應在此兩者間也有不同的分佈. 談話者所開玩笑的對象. 至於玩笑話則不 在此限. 此外,四種 對玩笑行為 其次,玩笑行為與其前後之會話段落之關 係在本文中亦有所討論. 玩笑行為中的主題(topic)大多承接前段會話的 主題,但卻與後段會話之主題 不同(topic change).至於談話參與者如何 得知說話者所說的話為玩笑(joking)則端賴彼此的背景知識(background knowledge),共有的互動架構(shared interactive frame)及所運用的一 些情境式的信息(contextualization cues)以達成溝通的流暢. Humor has long been a topic for research. In this study, joking behavior will be discussed by adopting the approach of interactional sociolinguistics. Moreover, joking behavior will be divided into two types, namely, teasing and humorous remarks. There are two main differences between these two types of joking behaviors. To begin with, although the same four kinds of responses, i.e., serious response, non-serious response, no response and elaboration can be found, their distributiion in these two types of joking behaviors is different. Secondly, a teasing-recipient not only has to be present in the interaction but also has to be recognized by other interlocutors as the one being joked about. On the other hand, the recipient in a humorous remark does not have to be present in the interaction, or it can be a matter which is made fun of by the participants. Furthermore, when investigating the relation between joking behavior and its previous segments of conversation, it is found that generally joking behavior continues the fore-going topic; whereas a new topic will usually be brought up after the segment of joking behavior. Participants in the interaction should have shared the same background knowledge and the interactive frame so that they can communicate smoothly from a serious mode to a non-serious or vice versa. By sharing the same interactive frame, participants should encode or decode the same metamessage, such "this is joking", which can be expressed or received with the aid of contextualization cues, like prosodic, lexical or syntactic features. To sum up, joking behavior not only makes the interaction continue smoothly, but also is an indication of the intimate relation among participants.