Abstract
The rate of urbanization has continuously increased, and living standards have been considerably improved; however, the environment has been seriously damage by the large amount of solid waste generated from society’s daily activities. Incineration is the efficient means of reducing MSW. However, if not properly treated, emissions of PM and which chemical contents from MSW incinerators may adversely affect human health and ecosystem. The objective of this study was use the electrical low-pressure cascade impactor (ELPI) to collected particulate matters in the stack of the municipal solid waste incinerator and standard city waste incinerator reference particulate matters (BCR-176R). BCR-176R collected for two size ranges: S-PM10-2.5 (diameters between 10 - 2.5 μm) and S-PM2.5-1 (diameters between 2.5 - 1 μm). The physicochemical characteristics of PM were be identified by the Ion Chromatography (IC), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by detecting the cell mitochondrial activity (MTT assay), inflammatory response (interleukin-8, IL-8) and genotoxicity (qPCR) of human lung carcinoma epithelial A549 cells. The results showed that the number of concentration distribution with the main maximum being at about 80-90 nm and 20 μm of R-TPM and S-TPM, respectively. Incineration different types of waste were get different chemical content, such as Cr, Mn, Pb, Sn, Al, Fe and Zn were from non-flammable materials burning, Cd and Cu were from flammable materials burning. There were high concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, Sb, K and Na in fine particles, and high EFs value of Zn, Mo, Cd, Sb and Pb in S-PM2.5-1 which indicated these pollutants were released from anthropogenic sources. Moreover, heavy metals could affect the PAHs formation, such as Zn and Cd promote the low rings PAHs formation. And PAHs showed highest concentration in LMW-PAHs of TPM, and highest BaPeq emissions in HMW-PAHs. The high BaPeq emissions of PAHs, which with high potential to cause mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Compared with the cytotoxicity of TPM, water-soluble ions and PAHs, extracted from R-TPM, S-TPM, S-PM10-2.5 and S-PM2.5-1 particles, the particles size was the main source to induce cells death. qPCR analyzed showed the TGF-β1 performance was proportional to the CDKN1A. Keywords: Municipal solid waste (MSW), ELPI, Particulate Matter, cytotoxicity