Abstract
本篇論文主要從兩種觀點來探討文法詞「得」： （一）是「虛化」，（ 二）是「詞彙替代」。我們是從歷代的角度，根據（祖堂集）到當代兩岸 漢語的口語文獻，對於這兩個主題作定量分析與討論。「動－得」相關結 構的多樣化以及語意的抽象化呈現與驗證出「得」的虛化歷程。有關這個 主題，我們從歷史語言學的角度，分析了三項統計結果：（１）「動－得 」、「動－得－賓」與「動－得－補」結構在各時期所占的比例（２）在 「動－得－（賓）」中，表「結果」與「可能」的「得」各時期所占的比 例，以及在「動－得－補」結構中，表「結果」、「可能」、「狀態」與 「程度」等四種語意在各時期所占的比例（３）「得」與其弱化的形式「 的」在「動－得」、「動－得－賓」與「動－得－補」結構中替代的比例 關係。至於「詞彙替代」這主題，我們統計與分析結果補語「到」與「著 」替代「得」的歷代狀況。由於三者共有的語意特徵：【 telic 】終點 取向， 在歷史的發展中，它們呈現了共存、競爭與存亡的詞彙替代過程 。本篇論文中，我們展現出三者微妙的關連。本篇論文的結構如下：第一 章是簡介。 第二章則是有關「得」的歷史與「動－得」相關結構的文獻 回顧。第三章討論「得」的「虛化」這主題。第四章則是「詞彙替代」的 討論。第五章則為結語。 The history of De involves two kinds of development: (1) grammaticalization and (2) lexical replacement. In this paper, we make a quantitative analysis on these two processes, based on historical colloquial texts from Zutangji (around 953 A.D.) to contemporary Mandarin. The variety of the V-De constructions and abstractness-tendency of the meanings feature the grammaticalization of De. From a diachronic perspective, we make an analysis on the statistics of three sets of linguistic variation to substantiate our claim on the grammaticalization of De. They are (1) the ratios of the three correlated constructions, i.e., V-De, V-De-O and V-De-C in each period, (2) the ratios of the 'resultative' and 'potential' meanings in the V-De-(O) constructions, and the proportion of the four types of the V-De-C forms, i.e., V- De[R]-C, V-De[P]-C, V-De[D]-C and V-De[E]-C and (3) the ratios of the two Des, i.e., De 得 and de 的 in the three V- De, V-De-O and V-De-C constructions. As for the lexical replacement, we examine in detail the delicate relationship among the three resultative complements, De, dao and zhao, sharing a common semantic feature of [telic], with close attention to the processes of co-existence, competition and decline/rise. This thesis consists of five chapters. Chapter One is an introduction. Chapter Two presents the literature reviews of the histories of De and the V-De constructions. In Chapter Three, grammaticalization of De is our major concern. Chapter Four discusses lexical replacement of De by dao and zhao. In Chapter Five, we draw a conclusion.