Abstract
本文是研究中文裡關於身體部位及內部器官的譬喻現象.我們發現中文裡 有一些身體部位器官的名稱詞存在著多義的現象.這些不同意義的產生大 多可用譬喻延伸(包括借代延申)加以解釋之.其中某些意義是藉由強調該 身體部位的某些特徵如形狀,位置或功能加以引申而來,而有則是和伴隨該 意義的身體行為動作有關.此外,人類對自己身體經驗的認知對於身體部位 器官的語意延伸也有相當的貢獻.至於內部器官的隱喻聯想則為該文化下 之特有產物.本文討論中文裡一些內部器官如心,肝,腸,膽的一些有趣聯 想.而抽象的心理狀態描寫則多利用具體的身體行為動作表示之.這些身體 部位及行為動作的語意引申情形大致上符合語意演變一般趨勢,即由具體 到抽象的演變趨向.另外,本文也為譬喻在語意轉變的過程中扮演一個重要 的角色提供了一項証據.本文共分五章:第一章為關於譬喻方面研究的文獻 回顧;第二章討論外部器官的譬喻延伸,包括頭,眼,口,耳,臉,手,背,腳;第 三章則敘述中文裡關於內部器官心,肝,腸,膽的隱喻聯想;第四章則簡要敘 述一些觀察到現象;第五章為結論. In this thesis. I study the metaphor of body-parts in Chinese. We find that some body-part terms are polysemous and that their various meanings may be linked by metaphor- ical extensions (including metonymic extension). Some of them are derived from highlighting the apparent features such as shape, position and function, and some are motivated by the physical movements or reactions which accompany the meanings. In addition, human physical experience forms a vital basis for the metaphorical extension to the abstract meanings of body-parts. With regard to the internal organs such as heart, liver, guts and gall- bladder, Chinese people have given them different interesting metaphorical associ- ations which can only be understood within the context of Chinese culture.Besides, the fact that we use the expressions from other sensory domains and concrete physical movements to describe the abstract mental state or activity conforms to the general tendency that semantic change is from the concrete to the abstract. In addition, this thesis also supports weetser's claim that metaphor is major structuring force in semantic change.