Abstract
隨著對戰術火箭要求的增加及彈頭導引能力的發展,使得在飛彈火箭的推進系統上,有了全新的認識。因此,如何發展出能夠迎合各種需求的火箭推進系統,便成為今日火箭設計的重要課題。本文探討固體導管火箭(SDR)內部流場,因為要能設計出高性能、高可靠度的 SDR系統,充分瞭解燃燒室內部流場實為刻不容緩的研究工作。第一章先對文獻做一完整回顧,整理出至今這方面研究的不足點,及本文研究的重要性,而歸納出本論文的研究目的。第二章實驗設備與實驗條件採用實驗分析方法研究SDR內部流場,所應用的技術有:定量LDV 量測、定性水洞觀測、頻譜量測、壓力量測。本文對於實驗量測的誤差、流場的進氣條件、各實驗個案的條件,均有詳細的描述。LDV 系統包含:傳統LDV及光纖LDV系統兩種。水洞觀測中採用了兩種粒子,分別為氧化鋁粉末及螢光溶液。另外也利用了油膜法觀測表面流場之型態。第三章內部與表面流場討論由流場視覺技術所得的結果,以提供內部流場與表面流場型態的資訊。得到以下結果:一、本流場可區分成1)主要迴流區、2)軸向噴流區、3)流體對衝區、4)二次迴流區、5)發展區。二、清楚描述了軸向噴流擴散至主要迴流區及二次迴流區的路徑。三、於側向進氣口附近發現到馬蹄形旋渦的存在。第四章平均流場討論 LDV量測的結果以定量描述三維SDR 燃燒室流場,這方面的數據在以往文獻中相當缺乏。第五章提供了紊流特性的資料,以及流場的速度頻譜與壓力頻譜的數據。在紊流特性方面,首先探討基本紊流量,如:紊流強度、紊流剪應力及相干係數。其後探討高階紊流量,如:歪斜係數、平坦係數、三階量、四階量。在頻譜方面,量測出高頻的 PREFERREDMODE 以及低頻的流體對衝振盪頻率。並對流場內各區域的頻譜特性做一歸納。第六章探討 SDR燃燒室流場受幾何參數與流況參數的影響。所變化的幾何參數包括:側向進氣角度、頂板區長度、軸向噴流嘴之長寬比、側向進氣道的個數;流況參數則為軸向進氣對側向進氣的動量比。這些參數的變化所影響到的物理現象,有:一、軸向噴流的穿透深度。二、軸向噴流的混合程度。三、流場的穩定度。以上所影響到的物理量皆為SDR 燃燒室設計的重要考慮因素。第七章結論與建議綜合以上各章節之討論,得到本論文有關三維 SDR 燃燒室流場的重要結論,以及提出了數點研究創新,這些結論對於往後的相關研究,相信具有一定的參考價值與貢獻。最後本章提出三點建議,以資後續研究工作方向之參考。Turbulent flowfields in a simulated solid- propellant ductedrocket combustor with one axial and two side inlets wereinvestigated experimen- tally by using the water tunnel andlaser-Doppler velocimetry.The Reynolds numbers based on thecom- bustor height and bulk mean velocity were 6.0E3 and 5.9E4for the water tunnel tests and LDV mea- surements,respectively. A baseline case was first selected to study thetypical flow characteristics It is found that the present three-dimensional SDR combustor flows are characterized by acombination of the primary recirculation zones, axial jet flowzone, flow impingement zone, secondary recircula- tion zones,and developing flow zone. The features for each zone arediscussed in terms of instanta- neous internal flow patterns,surface flow pat- terns, mean velocities, turbulenceintensities, Reynolds shear stresses, correlation coefficients,triple and quadruple correlations, skewness and flatnessfactors, and velocity and wall pressure fluctuation spectra.Important flow phenomena, such as unstable streamwise andspanwise vortices in the impingement region, axial-jet columninsta- bility, streamwise wavy structure downstream of jet-jetimpingement region, and mixing process be- tween the axial- andside-inlets were identified. The effects of the combustor domeheight, aspect ratio of the axial inlet port, dump angle of theside-inlets, number of the side-inlets, and momen- tum ratio ofthe axial- to side-inlets on the flow characteristics areexamined. Results show that under the same port area the aspectratio of the axial inlet port is not only able to control thepenetration and spreading of the axial jet but also change theevolution of the turbulent scales in the flame-holding domeregion. The latter information reported here for the first timeis particularly useful for the development of advancedturbulence and combustion models.