Abstract
Antibodies are large Y-shaped proteins produced by B-cells. Antibodies are recruited by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects like bacteria and viruses. The stimulated B cell performs repeated cell divisions, enlargement and differentiation to form a clone of antibody secreting plasma cells. Through specific antigen recognition, clonal expansion and B cell differentiation, effective number of plasma cells are formed and secrets the same required antibody. That antibody then binds to the bacteria making them easy to be ingested by white cells. Each cell can only produce an antibody. However, such cell division and proliferation do not have the capacity. So after a period of time when such cells produce antibodies, they will die and disappear. The monoclonal antibodies have been widely used for the last twenty years for scientific research and biomedical testing. The use of monoclonal antibodies for cancer treatment and autoimmune diseases shows considerable progress and effectiveness. The main preparation technology of monoclonal antibodies has been developed by Kohler and Milstein in 1975. Injection of the antigen into the mice induces the reaction of antibody. Separating the B cell from the mice and fusing them with the Myeloma cells could filter out the Hybridoma cell line which can generate the specific single antibody subsequent product a large number of monoclonal antibodies. The hybridoma cells, which not only have the ability of cancer cells to keep dividing but also have the ability of the immune cells to secrete antibodies, are the most widely used technology in biomedical presently. Applications of monoclonal antibodies used in cancer treatments and the drug link in monoclonal antibodies; can take the specificity of the monoclonal antibody drug to the destination. For example, the drugs which can kill cells and cancer-specific monoclonal antibody could be combines; and then injected into a cancer patient's body. At this point, the drug will be taken to the cancer cells by the monoclonal antibodies. Finally, playing the pharmacodynamics will kill cancer cells and not affect normal cells, unlike cancer treatments via radiation and chemotherapy, for example. In the past, either chemical fusion or electric fusion was used to produce hybridoma cells. The fusion efficiency and quality are unstable. This research is intended for developing the microchip technology for high throughput production of monoclonal antibodies. Semiconductor process technology was used to fabricate the micro device on which precise cell pairing and cell fusion can be done.