Abstract
Taiwan Island locates at the margin of Eurasia plate. Lots of species have dispersed from the mainland of Eurasia to Taiwan after the formation of the island. The main biota of Taiwan has formed consequently.Central Mountain Range has kept uplifting for about 5 million years since the appearance of Taiwan Island. The uplifting of Central Mountain Range significantly affects the surface of Taiwan and certainly shapes the biota composition. Therefore, many researches have indicated that: The biota composition between the east and west Taiwan displays apparent differences, and the differences should be resulted from the isolation by Central Mountain Range.This study chose freshwater fishes and employed mitochondrial DNA as the molecular marker to analyze the genetic divergences derived from the formation of Central Mountain Range. This study also predicted the divergence time of the populations aside of Central Mountain Range and aside of Taiwan Strait based on the molecular clock theory. The molecular clock results suggest a discrepancy of the uplifting time of north and south ridges of the Central Mountain Range. The isolation caused by the north ridge was consistent since the appearance of Taiwan. However, the isolation resulted from the south ridge still remained imperceptible recently.Referring to previous researches of other animal population genetic structure in Taiwan, this study concluded that Central Mountain Range influences the formation of the different biota composition via these two mechanisms:1. Central Mountain Range performs a dispersal barrier role while more than one invasion event has happened, ex. Hemimyzon formosanum and H. taitungensis model.2. The uplifting of Central Mountain Range prevents the gene flow and derives speciation events, ex. Rhinogobius candidianus and R. gigas.Based on these results this study redefines and clarifies the position of Central Mountain Range on the biota formation in Taiwan.英文摘要………………………………………………………………………II謝誌……………………………………………………………………………IV目錄……………………………………………………………………………V圖表目次………………………………………………………………………VI壹､導論一. 前言………………………………………………………………………1二. 地理事件與種化機制……………………………………………………2三. 粒線體DNA之特性………………………………………………………4四. 分子時鐘模型的建立……………………………………………………5貳､材料與方法一. 標本採集及保存…………………………………………………………8二. DNA萃取……………………………………………………………………8三. PCR反應……………………………………………………………………9四. 定序反應…………………………………………………………………10五.資料分析…………………………………………………………………11參､結果一. 定序結果…………………………………………………………………13二. 資料分析…………………………………………………………………15肆､討論一. 平原性魚種之分布機制…………………………………………………18二. 溪流性魚種之分布機制…………………………………………………21三. 台灣間爬岩鰍與台東間爬岩鰍之種化…………………………………24四. 東亞草蜥屬之種化………………………………………………………24五. 烏頭翁與白頭翁的種化…………………………………………………25六. 日本絨螯蟹與台灣絨螯蟹之種化………………………………………27七. 中央山脈在台灣島生物地理上的地位…………………………………27伍､參考及引用文獻一. 西文部分…………………………………………………………………29二. 中文部分…………………………………………………………………31陸､圖…………………………………………………………………………33柒､表…………………………………………………………………………52