Abstract
This thesis discusses the thermal actuations of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bi-layers. Thermal actuating is firstly verified by radiation heating. Heat source is then replaced by joule heating (or ohmic heating) arising from carbon nanotubes (CNTs) coated onto one side of bilayered films. Comparisons are made between CNTs-free and -coated actuators at various driving voltages.