Abstract
The genus Kaempferia L. (Zingiberaceae) distributes in India, China (Yunnan), and South East Asia. Thailand has the highest species diversity. There were about 30 named species, but not included eight new species published between 2008 and 2011. However, about 20 species were unnamed and unpublished. The study includes two parts, classification based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenic analysis. We investigated morphology of 12 identified, 7 unidentified and one cultivated species, and floral anatomy of 9 identified, 4 unidentified species and one cultivated species, to establish a more complete taxonomy. On the other hand, we use two chloroplast DNA markers, psbA – trnH intergenic spacer and matK partial sequence, to make phylogenic analyses.The results showed that two different chloroplast DNA markers made similar pattern and are consistened with the taxonomy based on morphology. K.elegans and K. parviflora had the cyathus inflorescence elongating from leaf-sheath were classified as sister group. The relationships between K.marginata, K. galanga and K. laotica were still unclear. K. elegans had larger variation in nucleotide sequence and morphology. Although had no variation on morphology, K. roscoeana had two sequential variations on psbA-trnH.