Abstract
By exploring the purposes of the patent regime, the possibly optimized and localized rules and laws are investigated in this paper. The recent international issues are briefly introduced. Here, the observations from the progressing history of patent laws are also conducted. The effects caused by reforming the national patent laws in U.S. and Japan are discussed. In addition, from the economics viewpoints, it is studied whether the justification of the patent rights can be empirically supported by data of innovation encouragement. There are many theories to discuss whether broad or narrow scopes of claim protection are efficient. Finally, in accordance with TRIPS, we are looking for the compromises and possible solutions in the legislative, administrative, judiciary perspectives.