Abstract
在工業界中，由於過度施力所造成的傷害事件一直是一個嚴重的問題，而且其成本是昂貴的。從安全和健康的觀點而言，工作設計者和管理者必須知道操作員在執行不同類別的工作時能施多大的力量。除此之外，在不同的工作環境須要不同的姿勢與手套，六種常用於工作場合中的施力是握力、捏力、提舉力、扭力、拉力和推力，因此本研究的目的是探討姿勢（高度，握把間距）和手套對於上述六種施力之最大力量的影響。共有60位受試者，男女各有30位參與本研究中的六項實驗，受試者所施的最大力量之量測方法是依照 Caldwell (1974)描述的程序。實驗所使用的設備和器材包括一個可調整的鐵棒，一組486個人電腦和A/D卡，Load cells和工作場合中常用的四種手套( 皮格，橡膠，一層綿和二層綿手套 )。結果顯示手套的型式對於握力、捏力、提舉力和扭力等施力之最大力量有顯著的影響，對於推力和拉力則沒有明顯的影響。手臂姿勢的不同對於握力有顯著的影響，高度的差異對於提舉力、扭力、拉力有顯著的影響。此外，握把間距對握力有顯著的影響，方向不同對扭力也有顯著的影響，而性別的差異對於六種施力均有顯著的影響。本項研究結果有助於現場工作站，工作工具和設備，以及工作方法之設計。The injuries caused by overexertion are still a serious problemin industry and are costly. From the viewpoint of safety andhealth,it is necessary for desingers and managers to know howmuch opera- tors can exert during operating different kinds ofwork. Besides, different postures and gloves are required indifferent workplace.Six types of exer- tions usually applied inworkplace are grip,pinch, lift, torque, pulling and pushing.Hence, the pur- pose of this study is intended to investigatethe effects of postures (height,grip span) and gloves on theisometric maximum volitional force of above six types ofexertions. A total of 60 subjects,involving 30 males and 30females participated in six experiments desing- ed in thisstudy. The isometric maximum volitional forces exerted bysubjects were measured in accor- dance with the proceduresoutlined by Caldwell(19- 74). The appratus and materials usedin this study included an adjustable steel shaft, a 486 PC withA/D card, load cells and four types of gloves com- monly usedin industry (leather, rubber, one and two cotton). The resultsindicated that there was a sign- ificant gloves effect on grip,pinch, lifting and torque exertions, but not on pulling andpushing. The effect of posture on grip,lifting, torque, andpulling, was significant. And the grip forces were affectedsignificantly by the grip spans,also the effect of orientationon torque exertion. In addi- tion,the gender effect affectedall six forces significantly. This results are useful todesign workstation, tool, equipment and working method.