Abstract
本研究主要是嘗試以社會學的角度，分析台灣產業技術的發展； 不同於 一般產業研究視技術發展為必然、自足的過程， 本研究將技術內容的形 成，看做是一個社會過程，其間受到各個社會結構的約制與形塑。 做為 一個初步的嘗試， 本研究的核心問題是：台灣做為一個工業後進國，相 較於先進國家而言， 存在著怎樣特殊的技術能力，而這些技術能力的特 徵又為何？我們要如何來看待這樣的技術能力， 以及如何解釋技術內容 的形成？從對工具機業的個案考察裡， 本研究發現，工具機業如同台灣 其他外銷產業一般， 最主要的技術能力，是展現在對國外產品的模仿與 製造上，這個過程中要求的最主要技術內容：一個是裝配能力， 另一個 變更改進能力（以解決仿造中，因為缺乏圖面所帶來的種種難題）； 本 研究發現，兩者都需要相當複雜的經驗與學理配合， 而這樣的內容，迥 異於以新產品開發為主的先進國家，正是台灣產業技術內容的特徵。 之 所以會形成如此的技術內容， 展現的正是台灣社會的特徵，也就是本研 究所提出的「技術累積的社會結構」， 包括國際分工與市場競爭的態勢 、勞動力的結構、政府研究單位的發展型態、大學體制內研究與教學的內 容等等， 這些表面上看來是技術以外的社會條件， 彼此的作用與影響， 共同形塑了台灣特有的技術內容。 This study is an attempt to analyze the technology development of Taiwan's industries from a sociological point of view. While most studies of industries tend to take technology for granted, the author takes a quite different view of technology that view the formation of the content of technology as a social process, which is conditioned and formed by certain social structures. As a starting attempt, the main questions of this study are: Being a less developed country (LDC), what are the contents and characteristics of technological capabilities in Taiwan industries? How can we explain the formation of such capabilities? From the case study of the machine tool industry, the author found that in machine tool industry, just as other export- oriented industries of Taiwan, the processes of copy (reverse engineering) and manufacturing represent the most important technology. In these processes, two capabilities are most required: the composition of machines, and modification or improvement of them; the study found that both require complicate experience and theory. Such kind of technology is quite different from that of developed countries which doing most of work on developing new products. The contents of technology mentioned above are just the mirror image of the characteristics of Taiwan society. The author argues that there are " Social Structures of Technology development" shaping and forming the contents of technology in Taiwan, including the followings: (1) international division of labor and the environment of world market competition; (2) the structure and regime of labor power; (3) the development of state-support research institutes; and (4) the contents of research and teaching in universities.