Abstract
本論文旨在以普拉斯書寫《鐘罩》* 一書的過程中，失憶重現的弔詭處作切入點，深入剖析記憶課題中錯雜的內涵。普拉斯書寫《鐘罩》一書的出發點在於以文字呈現自己如何經歷無眠期、自殺、閱讀及書寫官能喪失、以至失憶復原。亦即普拉斯以重新組構的文字印象去攫取已失之記憶，並將之投射於一虛構世界中。此中弔詭處在於以書寫作為媒介，來重現已喪失記憶的過程中，撰寫與失寫症的辯證關係。故而本論文由普拉斯對文字記憶及生活記憶之喪失出發，探討她由身體層面進入象徵層面的記憶恢復過程。失憶期間記憶內容應是空白；重整並記錄已失記憶，造成虛構與事實交融、無法切分的現象，正是記憶斷裂之展現。且在追憶的過程中，部份存留的記憶會遭受抹跡、改造、挪用及重新詮釋，記憶斷裂存在於此。故記憶並無原初點，它是一種不斷自我顛覆的過程。而書寫活動建立在對記憶的重新審視，故它本身也是一種記憶斷裂。再者，普拉斯將已失記憶加以重新記錄，而對記憶斷裂有所揭露，正與莒哈斯作品中內秉的空白甚相呼應。空白浮現處形成了空乏、意義的消蝕、甚至一種遺忘。故而空白與記憶斷裂其實是密切攸關；由它們的相關性，我們可以更進一步地探討陰性書寫及女性歷史的概念。記憶斷裂是十九世紀思想家對時間、歷史概念重新思索所顯出的文化無意識病癥。循此脈絡，不難理解現代主義文學所表現出與傳統割裂的意向與策略。記憶斷裂之表現於是衍生對「整體性」之瓦解。文本及書寫過程中的多重音聲與語義自由正是記憶斷裂的具現與必然結果。 *本書英文原名為 The Bell Jar 。論文所援引之譯名「鐘罩」出自朱世達譯本，廣西灕江出版社，1991年8月。Focusing on Sylvia Plath's act of graphia on The Bell Jar, thepresent thesis aims to explore the intricacies underlying the"re-presentation" of lost memory. By writing The Bell Jar,Plath attempted to picture her amnesiac period of life. Inother words, with re-ordered memory of words, Plath sought toreconstruct her lost memory by projecting it onto afictionalized world. The dialectic relationship betweengraphia (writing) and agraphia (loss of memory of words)renders such "representation" of loss of memory questionable.As the loss of memory indicates a period during which one isunable to retain memory, re-ordering and recording lost memory,therefore, entail intermixture of fiction with reality. Suchintermixture unveils the rupture of memory. Moreover, eachexertion of recollection unavoidably erases, reshapes,appropriates, re-interprets prior retention. Therefore, thereis no tracing back to memory "in the original," for memory isself-subversive. Also, as the act of writing establishes uponre-viewing memory, graphia in itself constitutes rupture ofmemory. The rupture of memory affiliates Plath's graphia withDuras's work in which "blanks" are inherent. Where blankssurface indicates lack, eclipses of senses, and evenforgetting. Such relevance of them further enables us toexplore the rupture of memory in relation to l' criture fminine and herstory. Also, Modernist Literature articulated azealous will, which was also a common textual strategy, torupture with tradition. Hence, rupture of memory dissolves theconception of oneness; it further renders the polyphonic natureand free play of textuality inevitable.