Abstract
In 2005, after EU promoted the concept of Living Lab, Living Labs have been set up in numerous countries and already gone through three generations. The core value of Living Lab is to improve and increase the insight of R&D transfers, and to make the latest scientific and technological achievements turn into practical applications. Living Lab applies collective wisdoms and creativities to provide opportunities, address social issues, and emphasize the human-oriented, user-centered and co-innovation function. Moreover, Living Lab is devoted to develop a user-centric and the open innovative community which cooperated with government, enterprises, and research institutions. This study established a framework to illustrate Living Lab on user innovation and open innovation perspectives and describes the key element for setting a innovative Living Lab. In the conclusion of this paper, most of the projects on Living Lab that initiated by planning agencies would take more user feedbacks as the basis for their solutions, and there would be more opportunities to cooperate with external resources. Thus, there are more elements of user innovation and open innovation that would help to promote innovation in the above described Living Lab. Using ITRI and III as case studies, the results provide good references for city planning and help to build self-sustaining ecosystems in many areas. In addition, if enterprises adopt Living Lab, it would accelerate the process of improving products and strengthen the unique advantages of ICT industry in Taiwan.