Abstract
本篇論文主要探討賽夏語的及物性和作格性，進一步從形式語法的角度來討論賽夏語的基本及物句結構和衍生過程，並提出三個論點。首先，除了詞綴-om-之外， -en和Si-接在動詞上時，此時的句子在句法上可以有及物性的表現。其次，作為一個分裂作格（split-ergative）的語言，賽夏語在構詞上同時採用受格模式（accusative pattern）和作格模式(ergative pattern)來標記格位，但在句法運作上，例如並列縮寫結構(conjunction reduction)，賽夏語只有作格模式。此外，賽夏語的分裂條件決定於輕動詞(light verb)，而非Dixon (1994)歸納出的四種分裂條件。當動詞標記詞綴-om-時，賽夏語的格位標記採用受格模式；相反地，當動詞不是標記詞綴-om-時，此時的格位標記採用作格模式或受格與作格混合模式。最後，賽夏語有五種會產生在同一個句子中，格位標記為受格模式與作格模式並存的情況，而這五種情況的共通點有二，其一，句子為雙賓語結構；其二，動詞非以詞綴-om-為標記。 In the context of an analysis of grammatical patterns in Saisiyat, this thesis presents evidence for three claims concerning transitivity and ergativity from a formal perspective. First, en-formed clauses and Si-formed clauses can demonstrate morphosyntactic transitivity in addition to om-formed clauses. Second, as a split-ergative language, Saisiyat has both ergative pattern and accusative pattern in morphology to grammatically code arguments, but only ergative pattern in syntactic processes, such as conjunction reduction. The split condition rests on the light verbs, i.e., the transitivity markers, rather than the four split conditions generalized by Dixon (1994). When -om- attaches to verb, Saisiyat will adopt accusative pattern in case marking, while the grammatical pattern will operate on ergative patterns when verbs are not affixed with -om-. In addition, the accusative-ergative mix pattern will also appear in case marking when verbs are affixed with –en and/or Si- but not –om-. Third, there are five situations for Saisiyat to display a coexistence of ergative pattern and accusative pattern for three different arguments in a single clause, and these five situations share two characteristics in common—i) the clause involves three different arguments and ii) the verb is not affixed with -om-.