Abstract
本篇論文藉由研究身體部位的譬喻用法來了解譬喻在我們的認知,思考以及語言運用方面所扮演的重要角色.也經由國語與英語的對比分析,我們發現不同文化會帶來不同的譬喻用法. 本文主要分為四大部分.第一部分簡介有關譬喻的理論. 其次簡單地回顧了以往學者對於身體部位譬喻現象的研究.第二部分以抽象的身體部位,包括精,氣,神,為主.作者運用雷科夫與強森(Lakoff & Johnson) 的概念譬喻 (ConceptualMetaphor)理論分析既看不見又摸不著的抽象身體部位是以何種形式被人們所理解.此外,也採用輻射結構(Radial Structure)研究這些身體部位的抽象語意.第三部分研究的對象為內部的身體部位.我們發現了一個通則: 內部的身體部位多用以指涉心理層次,包括情緒與性情.由於心的譬喻用法極為廣泛,因此我們在第五章特別從投射現象,譬喻概念以及與引申義三方面加以討論. 第四部分包括兩個章節.在回顧蔡立中(1994)對於外在身體部位譬喻現象的研究以及作者對於抽象與內在部位的分析之後,我們以克里柔史基(Krzeszowski) 所提出的價值參數(Axiological Parameter)分析所有的語料,討論什麼部位有正面的聯想,什麼部位有負面的聯想.第七章則對本論文討論內容作一個總結. 從身體部位的投射情形,概念譬喻與抽象語意的衍生, 我們再再證明了人類的認知過程是遵循從具體到抽象的程序. 此外,我們將引起中英語身體部位不同之譬喻用法的文化差異歸納如下:宗教與哲學思想,傳統信仰與習俗,醫學以及古典文獻.再者,提示作者分析未盡之處及對於身體部位譬喻現象未來的研究方向.This thesis aims to probe the importance of metaphors inhuman cognition,thinking and even language use by investigatingbody-part metaphors. By thecomparison between Chinese andEnglish, it is learned that different cultures will result indifferent uses of body-part metaphors. The study is dividedinto four parts. Part I gives a brief introductionto both themain theories and the previous researches on body-partmetaphors.Part II is about the abstract body parts,including jing, qi and shen. TheConceptual Metaphor theoryproposed by Lakoff & Johnson (1980) is adopted toanalyze theunseen and untouchable abstract body parts, for the purpose tosee how these abstract elements are realized in humanconcept. In addition, we apply Radial Structure to studythe extended meanings derived from theprototypical meaning.The target involving in Part III are internal body parts.Thereis a generalization dealing with the internal parts, that is,the internal body parts are mostly metaphorically used toimply psychological states, including emotion and temperament.Since the heart is broadly and frequentlyapplied ininfigurative speech, we then leave a complete chapter (Chapter5)for the discussion about the metaphorical uses of theheart by means ofprojection, conceptual metaphor and meaningextension. There are two chapters included in Part IV.Reviewing Tsai's (1994) analysis of the metaphors ofexternal body parts and our research on both the abstract andinternal bodyparts, we endeavor to analyze all the data interms of Krzeszowski's Axio-logical Parameter in order to seethe PLUS-MINUS values aassociated with body parts. A tentativeconclusion is proposed in Chapter 7. From projections,conceptual metaphors and derivations of the abstracctmeanings, it is definitely proved again that the process forhuman cognition is from concrete to abstract. We sum up all thecultural differences and group them into four: religion &philosophy, traditional belief & ritual, medical science andclassic works. The thesis ends up by the introduction to thefurther research on body-part metaphors.