Abstract
本論文主要討論被命名為「國學」的特殊論述型構在中國近代場景中的形成及其階 段性結束，環繞著經學的終結、今古文論爭、晚清國粹論、古代學術史的建構諸問題，而 以「國學」形成過程中的幾個代表性個案(康有為、章太炎、劉師培、王國維等)對相關問 題不同形式的關涉，及各自展現的型態為主要的考察對象。 論文集中梳理他們各自攸關國學的論述、彼此間或顯或隱的對話，揭露在強迫現代化的過程中，國學的「國」 與「學」的界域之確立及被拆散。一方面是「傳統學術」領域之被建構，以國界強化學術 的特殊性和它的價值；一方面是圍繞著學術的本質做繁複的思考，諸如有用╱無用、體╱ 用、古╱今、東方╱西方……等一連串的二元對立的論辯，都涉及了近代情境和國難情境中，「國學」成立的知識條件。在這樣的過程中，總體趨勢是人文化(而為文學、史學、 哲學三大基本領域)及客體化；相應的，是知識法則的重建與更替，舊的知識法則之遭到 挑戰及翻修，新的知識法則之積極建立。從客體化的角度來看，從晚清到五四，國學的時 間性也產生了本質性的變異，逐漸淪為文化遺體，而經歷了「從國粹到國故」的歷史歷程與結構歷程。 因而本論文最後簡略的以五四國故運動的主要人物（胡適、顧頡剛）有 關「國故學」的主要論點來做為「國學起源」此一論題的總體參照，以進一步釐清當代國 學視域的近代來源，及其可能的限度。This dissertation sets outs to explore the rise, originand essence of the special formation which is called "Guoxue"(National scholarship), including its formation under thecondition at the ending time of Ch'ingdynasty, the rise ofChina's modernization and its modern fate. To investigatehow the why the National scholarship is considered, I have togo through the following problems which happened in late Ch'ing,such as the ending of Qingxue, national-essence, the disputes ofchin-ku-wen, the reconstruction of intellectual historyof theclassical antiquity, and so on. Thus, some typical cases arechosen, such as Kang Youwei, Zhang Taiyan, Liu Shipei, WangKuowei, around their academic career, scholarship and life，because they all were the masters of traditional academic bythat time, and they used all the traditional and westernsources with their own patterns and forms to articulate Guoxueas possible as the could. From the point of view f literarycriticism, the special forms and patter of their own academiccould be seen as a kind of modernity of the style of Guoxue.It was treated as a kind of vital existence, with the name suchas national spirit, national mind, ideal, and actually it wasnational essence. Focusing on the scholarship itself, themain problem is, how and why the nation the rules ofintellectual of the traditional academic were challenged orshaken, and under what kind of condition of possibility ofknowledge the were rebuilt. The second important problem is,how and why the area of Guoxue became actualized, and reducedto some fundamental categories, such as literature, history andphilosophy. After the May-fourth cultural revolution,scientism became the main stream of thought, all of them weredominated under uhe common rules of the science of history. Bythat time, the objectification of the Guoxue exceeded its ownlimit, and was treated as a kind of dead body. At the sametime, its name changed too, from Guoxue to Guokuxue (thescholarship of the national past). Namely, the whole problemschanged, and it seems that the national scholarship ended inits rising.