Abstract
This thesis proposes the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) fingerprinting positioning particle filter (PF) for cellular system. The proposed technique improves the positioning accuracy both indoor and outdoor from two perspectives. For the system perspective, the MIMO system with fingerprinting improves the accuracy in the spatial channel model (TR25.996). For the digital signal processing perspective, particle filter can successfully address the non-linearity issue. For the 2x2 MIMO system, the proposed MIMO fingerprinting positioning particle filter can reduce about 66% multiplications of the traditional MIMO positioning particle filter in [1]. To our best knowledge, the proposed MIMO fingerprinting particle filter is the only one based on the assumption that the channel information is not perfectly known. The simulation results show that the proposed method has the good positioning accuracy, an over-time mean RMSE about 5 m when $Spacing$ is equal to 4m. In the hardware architecture, we propose two techniques to speed up the current processing element-central unit (PE-CU) architecture and reduce the particle communications. First, PE uses the threshold sampling/weighting to reduce the latency by passing over the computation of particles having difference smaller than threshold. Second, weight-balanced CU avoids the performance degradation under the situation of no particle communications. Moreover, we pipeline the resampling step by applying IMH resampling. The simulation results show that the proposed architecture not only speeds up to 14.8 times faster than ML-LR PE architecture but also achieves better RMSE about 9m than maximum likelihood prior sampling-localized resampling (ML-LR) PE architecture when the number of PEs is two. To conclude this work, the proposed MIMO fingerprinting positioning particle filter improves accuracy based on the assumption that the channel information is not perfectly known in the spatial channel model, and the proposed architecture improves both accuracy and latency.