Abstract
傳統上對於輕質C3與C4等沸點與物理性質相近知烯烷烴的分離回收，是以低溫蒸餾或萃取蒸餾等耗能源的方式分離之。高分子薄膜的分離程序因具有操作簡便、在室溫下可進行、沒有相變化、以及理論上所需的功最小等優點，因此已逐漸取代傳統的分離程序，並深受世界各國所重視。由於銀離子對烯烴具有可逆錯合的特性，因此本研究嘗試將銀離子固定於官能性高分子薄膜上，作為烯烷烴分離膜。研究中分別以三種不同物性之高分子：結晶性之線性低密度聚乙烯(linear low density polyethylene,LLDPE)、玻璃態之poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne](PMSP)與橡膠態之聚矽氧烷(silicone rubber, SR) 為基材，以輻射預照射接枝聚合法，接枝丙烯酸(acrylic acid, AA)。製備出LLDPE-g-AA、PMSP-g-AA，與SR-g-AA共聚合物。利用接枝丙烯酸之羧酸根能與銀離子形成配位錯合之特性，製備出固定銀離子載體之烯烷烴氣體分離膜。研究中將分別探討接枝改質、銀-烯烴可逆錯合、烯烷烴氣體透過性、氣體吸附性等性質，以及新型乾膜之烯烷烴透過吸附性質。由研究之結果得知，氣體在薄膜內的透過性質可逐步經由熟悉與設計高分子薄膜的特性，選擇出最適化之高分子膜材，達到高透過係數與高分離係數的目標。本研究開發之PMSP-g-AA-Ag+與PMSP-AgClO4對烯烷烴氣體之分離上具有高透過係數與高分離係數的特性，在實際應用上極具潛力。The recovery of aliphatic unsaturated C3 and C4 hydrocarbonsare generally based on conventional methods, such asdistillation and extraction. Membrane separations, because oftheir potential for both low capital costs and high energyefficiency, could have an inherent advantage over conventionalseparation methods. Using the principle of facilitatedtransport, it's possible to devise highly selective andpermeable membranes. In this study, the silver ion wasimmobilized onto functional polymeric membranes for olefin/paraffin separation due to the fact that the silver ion couldreversibly coordinate with olefin. Three matrices was selectivefor modification in this study. There are linear low densitypolyethylene (LLDPE), rubbery silver rubber (SR), and theglassy poly[1-(trimethyl- silyl)-1-propyne] (PMSP). The acrylicacid grafted copolymer was prepared via a pre- irradiationgraft method. The silver ion fixed site carrier membrane wasprepared for olefin/ paraffin separation by the characteristicsof the coordinated complex formed between silver ion and thegrafted poly(acrylic acid). Various parts were attempted tostudy as follows. In this study, membranes with high gaspermeability and high separation factor could be achieved bygraft modification and silver ion immobilization. Novel swollencomplex membrane of PMSP-g-AA-Ag+ and novel dry PMSP-AgClO4membrane, which having both high permeability coefficient andseparation factor, possess high potential in application.