Abstract
由於科技在近年來的突飛猛進,以電腦、通訊、自動化、雷射、遺傳工程等尖端技術所引申的高科技產業(High Tech Industries)之發展,使得全世界的產業結構產生了重大調整,面臨了工業的結構必須改善,經濟發展走向技術密集、知識密集及資本密集時代。但這類尖端科技產品都具有產品生命週期(Product Life Cycle)短、研究發展費用高的特性,而使得產品開發投資風險更形劇增。過去,台灣企業曾歷經了四十多年來的經營發展,在經濟上創下了傲世的成果,如今面對世界經濟秩序的重整,經營環境的劇變,台灣經濟是否能再創飛躍的成長?在許多成功的因素中,新產品的開發、製程的創新是最主要帶動成長的原動力。而如何讓這些原動力發揮最大功效,為公司帶來預期的利益,則必須妥善運用研發資源,規畫開發策略,並依其特性加以發揮其高度的研發槓桿效果。否則,很可能在激烈的市場競爭中換得的僅是徒勞虛幻的惡夢。本研究旨在探討產品開發策略與研發槓桿效用提升之方法,一方面藉由學理上相關經濟現象及日本實務界常用法則之整理。另一方面,則藉由實際資料的分析與印証。以發展出適合台灣高科技產業新產品開發之考量原則與行動方法,並推導出SJ投資分析模式。在實例方面,本文除探討開發主題評價高之個案外,另外分析園區二家高科技廠商的研發槓桿特性與達成效果。比較結果顯示:在競爭激烈、無特別優勢的環境下,可藉由高命中率的開發主題,如案例中的新觀念,以打破現狀而獲至成功。由園區二家高科技廠商,可發現其各自含有不同的研發槓桿特性,聯華電子在與現有技術相容的特性上含有較高的研發槓桿效用,台灣光罩則在顧客對品質技術重視度方面有較高之研發槓桿效用。大體言之,二者均為含有高研發槓桿特性之公司,而聯華電子公司分析數據則充分顯示出,高科技產業的高風險與高利潤特性,但也顯示了半導體產品生命週期愈益縮短,新產品的研究開發將成為競爭重點。新產品的開發是含有高度的不確定性,在資源有限的情況下,如欲發揮研發的最大功效,就必須將抉擇考慮於努力之前,慎選開發主題、策略,注重高科技的產品人性化的落實,珍惜其有限資源,發揮高研發槓桿特性,以降低新產品研發之不確定風險,以達成企業目標與遠景,並獲致最大之成功。During the past forty years, the remarkable economicperformance of the Republic of China on Taiwan has captured theattention of developed and developing countries. Facing thechanges of world wide economic fluctuation, can an enterprise,especially for a high technology company, sucessfully makeadaptation to the fast changing environment and achieve itsrapid growth ? What is the key success factor to promote newproduct development ? This study aims at formulating somepossibilities to answer those questions and recommends SJInvestment Analysis Model for facilitating research anddevelopment decision making. The study started with a review ofeconomic theory for consumer/production surplus, and economicefficiency was discussed. Marketing strategies prevailed inJapan were also reviewed. Next, the effective allocation ofresources was evaluated by the degree of development andresearch leverage, and analysed as well as verified with threecases. Finally, a model was suggested, accordingly. It can beconcluded that careful allocation of the R&D resources andselection high profitability new product for investment willincrease the competitiveness and minimize the risk for thebusiness in facing the changing economic environment andtechnological characteristics of the industry.