Abstract
Language transfer in second language acquisition has traditionally been regarded uni-directional, that is, influence from L1 to L2. However, in recent years more and more research has suggested that cross-linguistic influence can occur bi-directionally and that there is an intricate relationship between the L2 user's language systems. Most of these studies have mainly focused on the linguistic competence of the L2 user. An interesting but rarely explored area is the L2 user's narrative competence, which extends beyond language ability. The present study attempted to address the issue of bi-directionality of language transfer in narrative competence among foreign language learners. Using the "frog story" picture book as a prompt, the present study examined oral narratives of Chinese EFL learners and compared them to those of English and Chinese native speakers. The subjects' narrative renditions were compared in terms of the use of narrative structure, evaluative devices, and referential strategies. The results evidenced bi-directional transfer in the EFL learners' narrative skills. Moreover, the EFL learners appeared to differentiate their two narrative repertoires to some extent, particularly in the use of referential strategies. The results of the study provided insights into the characterization of the multi-competence (i.e., two languages in one mind) of the foreign language learner.