Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114

A. G. Abac; I. Abouelfettouh; F. Acernese; K. Ackley; C. Adamcewicz; S. Adhicary; D. Adhikari; N. Adhikari; R. X. Adhikari; V. K. Adkins; S. Afroz; A. Agapito; D. Agarwal; M. Agathos; N. Aggarwal; S. Aggarwal; O. D. Aguiar; I-L. Ahrend; L. Aiello; A. Ain; P. Ajith; T. Akutsu; S. Albanesi; W. Ali; S. Al-Kershi; C. Allene; A. Allocca; S. Al-Shammari; P. A. Altin; S. Alvarez-Lopez; W. Amar; O. Amarasinghe; A. Amato; F. Amicucci; C. Amra; A. Ananyeva; S. B. Anderson; W. G. Anderson; M. Andia; M. Ando; M. Andres-Carcasona; T. Andric; J. Anglin; S. Ansoldi; J. M. Antelis; S. Antier; M. Aoumi; E. Z. Appavuravther; S. Appert; S. K. Apple; K. Arai; A. Araya; M. C. Araya; M. Arca Sedda; J. S. Areeda; N. Aritomi; F. Armato; S. Armstrong; N. Arnaud; M. Arogeti; S. M. Aronson; K. G. Arun; G. Ashton; Y. Aso; L. Asprea; M. Assiduo; S. Assis de Souza Melo; S. M. Aston; P. Astone; F. Attadio; F. Aubin; K. AultONeal; G. Avallone; E. A. Avila; S. Babak; C. Badger; S. Bae; S. Bagnasco; L. Baiotti; R. Bajpai; T. Baka; A. M. Baker; K. A. Baker; T. Baker; G. Baldi; N. Baldicchi; M. Ball; G. Ballardin; S. W. Ballmer; S. Banagiri; B. Banerjee; D. Bankar; T. M. Baptiste; P. Baral; M. Baratti; J. C. Barayoga; B. C. Barish; D. Barker; N. Barman; P. Barneo; F. Barone; B. Barr; L. Barsotti; M. Barsuglia; D. Barta; A. M. Bartoletti; M. A. Barton; I. Bartos; A. Basalaev; R. Bassiri; A. Basti; M. Bawaj; P. Baxi; J. C. Bayley; A. C. Baylor; P. A. Baynard; M. Bazzan; V. M. Bedakihale; F. Beirnaert; M. Bejger; D. Belardinelli; A. S. Bell; D. S. Bellie; L. Bellizzi; W. Benoit; I. Bentara; J. D. Bentley; M. Ben Yaala; S. Bera; F. Bergamin; B. K. Berger; S. Bernuzzi; M. Beroiz; C. P. L. Berry; D. Bersanetti; T. Bertheas; A. Bertolini; J. Betzwieser; D. Beveridge; G. Bevilacqua; N. Bevins; S. Bhagwat; R. Bhandare; R. Bhatt; D. Bhattacharjee; S. Bhattacharyya; S. Bhaumik; V. Biancalana; A. Bianchi; I. A. Bilenko; G. Billingsley; A. Binetti; S. Bini; C. Binu; S. Biot; O. Birnholtz; S. Biscoveanu; A. Bisht; M. Bitossi; M-A. Bizouard; S. Blaber; J. K. Blackburn; L. A. Blagg; C. D. Blair; D. G. Blair; N. Bode; N. Boettner; G. Boileau; M. Boldrini; G. N. Bolingbroke; A. Bolliand; L. D. Bonavena; R. Bondarescu; F. Bondu; E. Bonilla; M. S. Bonilla; A. Bonino; R. Bonnand; A. Borchers; S. Borhanian; V. Boschi; S. Bose; V. Bossilkov; Y. Bothra; A. Boudon; L. Bourg; M. Boyle; A. Bozzi; C. Bradaschia; P. R. Brady; A. Branch; M. Branchesi; I. Braun; T. Briant; A. Brillet; M. Brinkmann; P. Brockill; E. Brockmueller; A. F. Brooks; B. C. Brown; D. D. Brown; M. L. Brozzetti; S. Brunett; G. Bruno; R. Bruntz; J. Bryant; Y. Bu; F. Bucci; J. Buchanan; O. Bulashenko; T. Bulik; H. J. Bulten; A. Buonanno; K. Burtnyk; R. Buscicchio; D. Buskulic; C. Buy; R. L. Byer; G. S. Cabourn Davies; R. Cabrita; V. Caceres-Barbosa; L. Cadonati; G. Cagnoli; C. Cahillane; A. Calafat; T. A. Callister; E. Calloni; S. R. Callos; G. Caneva Santoro; K. C. Cannon; H. Cao; L. A. Capistran; E. Capocasa; E. Capote; G. Capurri; G. Carapella; F. Carbognani; M. Carlassara; J. B. Carlin; T. K. Carlson; M. F. Carney; M. Carpinelli; G. Carrillo; J. J. Carter; G. Carullo; A. Casallas-Lagos; J. Casanueva Diaz; C. Casentini; S. Y. Castro-Lucas; S. Caudill; M. Cavaglia; R. Cavalieri; A. Ceja; G. Cella; P. Cerda-Duran; E. Cesarini; N. Chabbra; W. Chaibi; A. Chakraborty; P. Chakraborty; S. Chakraborty; S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya; J. C. L. Chan; M. Chan; K. Chandra; K. Chang; S. Chao; P. Charlton; E. Chassande-Mottin; C. Chatterjee; Debarati Chatterjee; Deep Chatterjee; M. Chaturvedi; S. Chaty; A. Chen; A. H-Y. Chen; D. Chen; H. Chen; H. Y. Chen; S. Chen; Yanbei Chen; Yitian Chen; H. P. Cheng; P. Chessa; H. T. Cheung; S. Y. Cheung; F. Chiadini; G. Chiarini; A. Chiba; A. Chincarini; M. L. Chiofalo; A. Chiummo; C. Chou; S. Choudhary; N. Christensen; S. S. Y. Chua; G. Ciani; P. Ciecielag; M. Cieslar; M. Cifaldi; B. Cirok; F. Clara; A. Clark; J. A. Clark; T. A. Clarke; P. Clearwater; S. Clesse; F. Cleva; E. Coccia; E. Codazzo; P-F. Cohadon; S. Colace; E. Colangeli; M. Colleoni; C. G. Collette; J. Collins; S. Colloms; A. Colombo; C. M. Compton; G. Connolly; L. Conti; T. R. Corbitt; I. Cordero-Carrion; S. Corezzi; M. Corman; N. J. Cornish; I. Coronado; A. Corsi; R. Cottingham; M. W. Coughlin; A. Couineaux; P. Couvares; D. M. Coward; R. Coyne; A. Cozzumbo; J. D. E. Creighton; T. D. Creighton; P. Cremonese; S. Crook; R. Crouch; J. Csizmazia; J. R. Cudell; T. J. Cullen; A. Cumming; E. Cuoco; M. Cusinato; L. V. Da Conceicao; T. Dal Canton; S. Dal Pra; G. Dalya; B. D'Angelo; S. Danilishin; S. D'Antonio; K. Danzmann; K. E. Darroch; L. P. Dartez; R. Das; A. Dasgupta; V. Dattilo; A. Daumas; N. Davari; I. Dave; A. Davenport; M. Davier; T. F. Davies; D. Davis; L. Davis; M. C. Davis; P. Davis; E. J. Daw; M. Dax; J. De Bolle; M. Deenadayalan; J. Degallaix; M. De Laurentis; F. De Lillo; S. Della Torre; W. Del Pozzo; A. Demagny; F. De Marco; G. Demasi; F. De Matteis; N. Demos; T. Dent; A. Depasse; N. DePergola; R. De Pietri; R. De Rosa; C. De Rossi; M. Desai; R. DeSalvo; A. DeSimone; R. De Simone; A. Dhani; R. Diab; M. C. Diaz; M. Di Cesare; G. Dideron; T. Dietrich; L. Di Fiore; C. Di Fronzo; M. Di Giovanni; T. Di Girolamo; D. Diksha; J. Ding; S. Di Pace; I. Di Palma; D. Di Piero; F. Di Renzo; Divyajyoti; A. Dmitriev; J. P. Docherty; Z. Doctor; N. Doerksen; E. Dohmen; A. Doke; A. Domiciano De Souza; L. D'Onofrio; F. Donovan; K. L. Dooley; T. Dooney; S. Doravari; O. Dorosh; W. J. D. Doyle; M. Drago; J. C. Driggers; L. Dunn; U. Dupletsa; P-A. Duverne; D. D'Urso; P. Dutta Roy; H. Duval; S. E. Dwyer; C. Eassa; W. E. East; M. Ebersold; T. Eckhardt; G. Eddolls; A. Effler; J. Eichholz; H. Einsle; M. Eisenmann; M. Emma; K. Endo; R. Enficiaud; L. Errico; R. Espinosa; M. Esposito; R. C. Essick; H. Estelles; T. Etzel; M. Evans; T. Evstafyeva; B. E. Ewing; J. M. Ezquiaga; F. Fabrizi; V. Fafone; S. Fairhurst; A. M. Farah; B. Farr; W. M. Farr; G. Favaro; M. Favata; M. Fays; M. Fazio; J. Feicht; M. M. Fejer; R. Felicetti; E. Fenyvesi; J. Fernandes; T. Fernandes; D. Fernando; S. Ferraiuolo; T. A. Ferreira; F. Fidecaro; P. Figura; E. Finch; A. Fiori; I. Fiori; M. Fishbach; R. P. Fisher; R. Fittipaldi; V. Fiumara; R. Flaminio; S. M. Fleischer; L. S. Fleming; E. Floden; H. Fong; J. A. Font; F. Fontinele-Nunes; C. Foo; B. Fornal; K. Franceschetti; N. Franchini; F. Frappez; S. Frasca; F. Frasconi; J. P. Freed; Z. Frei; Ray-Kuang Lee; A. Freise; LIGO Scientific Collaboration; Virgo Collaboration; KAGRA Collaboration

doi:10.1103/6c61-fm1n

Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114

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Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114

A. G. Abac, I. Abouelfettouh, F. Acernese, K. Ackley, C. Adamcewicz, S. Adhicary, D. Adhikari, N. Adhikari, R. X. Adhikari, V. K. Adkins, …

Physical Review Letters, 卷.136(4), 041403

30/01/2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6c61-fm1n

PMID: 41698092

Web of Science ID: WOS:001691199300001

摘要

Physics, Multidisciplinary

Science & Technology

Physical Sciences

Physics

The binary black hole signal GW250114, the loudest gravitational wave detected to date, offers a unique opportunity to test Einstein's general relativity (GR) in the high-velocity, strong-gravity regime and probe whether the remnant conforms to the Kerr metric. Upon perturbation, black holes emit a spectrum of damped sinusoids with specific, complex frequencies. Our analysis of the postmerger signal shows that at least two quasinormal modes are required to explain the data, with the most damped remaining statistically significant for about one cycle. We probe the remnant's Kerr nature by constraining the spectroscopic pattern of the dominant quadrupolar (l = m = 2) mode and its first overtone to match the Kerr prediction to tens of percent at multiple postpeak times. The measured mode amplitudes and phases agree with a numerical-relativity simulation having parameters close to GW250114. By fitting a parametrized waveform that incorporates the full inspiral-merger-ringdown sequence, we constrain the fundamental (l = m = 4) mode to tens of percent and bound the quadrupolar frequency to within a few percent of the GR prediction. We perform a suite of tests-spanning inspiral, merger, and ringdown-finding constraints that are comparable to, and in some cases 2-3 times more stringent than those obtained by combining dozens of events in the fourth Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog. These results constitute the most stringent single-event verification of GR and the Kerr nature of black holes to date, and outline the power of black-hole spectroscopy for future gravitational-wave observations.

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題名: Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114
創作者：: A. G. Abac - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
I. Abouelfettouh - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
F. Acernese - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
K. Ackley - University of Warwick
C. Adamcewicz - Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
S. Adhicary - Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA
D. Adhikari - Leibniz University Hannover
N. Adhikari - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
R. X. Adhikari - California Institute of Technology
V. K. Adkins - Louisiana State University
S. Afroz - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
A. Agapito - Aix-Marseille Université
D. Agarwal - UCLouvain
M. Agathos - Queen Mary University of London
N. Aggarwal - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
S. Aggarwal - University of Minnesota System
O. D. Aguiar - Department of Space
I-L. Ahrend - Université Paris Cité
L. Aiello - University of Rome Tor Vergata
A. Ain - University of Antwerp
P. Ajith - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
T. Akutsu - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
S. Albanesi - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
W. Ali - University of Genoa
S. Al-Kershi - Leibniz University Hannover
C. Allene - Univ Savoie Mt Blanc, CNRS, Lab Annecy Phys Particules, IN2P3, F-74000 Annecy, France
A. Allocca - University of Pisa
S. Al-Shammari - Cardiff University
P. A. Altin - Australian National University
S. Alvarez-Lopez - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
W. Amar - Université Savoie Mont Blanc
O. Amarasinghe - Cardiff University
A. Amato - Maastricht University
F. Amicucci - Sapienza University of Rome
C. Amra - Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Cent Med, Inst Fresnel, F-13013 Marseille, France
A. Ananyeva - California Institute of Technology
S. B. Anderson - California Institute of Technology
W. G. Anderson - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
M. Andia - Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, IN2P3, IJCLab, F-91405 Orsay, France
M. Ando - The University of Tokyo
M. Andres-Carcasona - Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
T. Andric - Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
J. Anglin - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
S. Ansoldi - University of Udine
J. M. Antelis - Tecnológico de Monterrey
S. Antier - Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur
M. Aoumi - The University of Tokyo
E. Z. Appavuravther - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia
S. Appert - California Institute of Technology
S. K. Apple - American University
K. Arai - California Institute of Technology
A. Araya - The University of Tokyo
M. C. Araya - California Institute of Technology
M. Arca Sedda - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso
J. S. Areeda - California State University, Fullerton
N. Aritomi - LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA
F. Armato - University of Genoa
S. Armstrong - University of Strathclyde
N. Arnaud - Université Paris-Sud
M. Arogeti - Georgia Inst Technol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
S. M. Aronson - University of Florida
K. G. Arun - Chennai Mathematical Institute
G. Ashton - Universidad de Londres
Y. Aso - The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI
L. Asprea - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
M. Assiduo - University of Urbino
S. Assis de Souza Melo - European Gravitational Observatory
S. M. Aston - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
P. Astone - Goddard Space Flight Center
F. Attadio - Sapienza University of Rome
F. Aubin - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
K. AultONeal - Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University
G. Avallone - University of Salerno
E. A. Avila - Tecnológico de Monterrey
S. Babak - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
C. Badger - Univ London, Kings Coll London, London WC2R 2LS, England
S. Bae - Korea Inst Sci & Technol Informat, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
S. Bagnasco - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Torino
L. Baiotti - Osaka International University
R. Bajpai - High Energy Accelerator Res Org KEK, Accelerator Lab, 1-1 Oho, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan
T. Baka - Utrecht University
A. M. Baker - Monash University
K. A. Baker - The University of Western Australia
T. Baker - Univ Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, Hants, England
G. Baldi - University of Trento
N. Baldicchi - University of Perugia
M. Ball - University of Oregon
G. Ballardin - European Gravitational Observatory
S. W. Ballmer - Syracuse University
S. Banagiri - Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
B. Banerjee - Gran Sasso Sci Inst GSSI, I-67100 Laquila, Italy
D. Bankar - Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
T. M. Baptiste - Louisiana State University
P. Baral - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
M. Baratti - University of Pisa
J. C. Barayoga - California Institute of Technology
B. C. Barish - California Institute of Technology
D. Barker - LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA
N. Barman - Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
P. Barneo - Universitat de Barcelona
F. Barone - University of Salerno
B. Barr - University of Glasgow
L. Barsotti - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
M. Barsuglia - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
D. Barta - HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics
A. M. Bartoletti - Concordia University Wisconsin
M. A. Barton - University of Glasgow
I. Bartos - University of Florida
A. Basalaev - Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY
R. Bassiri - Stanford University
A. Basti - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
M. Bawaj - Università di Camerino
P. Baxi - Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
J. C. Bayley - University of Glasgow
A. C. Baylor - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
P. A. Baynard - Georgia Institute of Technology
M. Bazzan - University of Padua
V. M. Bedakihale - Institute for Plasma Research
F. Beirnaert - Univ Ghent, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
M. Bejger - Polish Academy of Sciences
D. Belardinelli - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
A. S. Bell - University of Glasgow
D. S. Bellie - Northwestern University
L. Bellizzi - University of Pisa
W. Benoit - Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA
I. Bentara - Lyon 1 Université
J. D. Bentley - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
M. Ben Yaala - University of Strathclyde
S. Bera - Universitat de les Illes Balears
F. Bergamin - Cardiff University
B. K. Berger - Stanford University
S. Bernuzzi - Friedrich Schiller University Jena
M. Beroiz - CALTECH, LIGO Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
C. P. L. Berry - University of Glasgow
D. Bersanetti - Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
T. Bertheas - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
A. Bertolini - Maastricht University
J. Betzwieser - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
D. Beveridge - Univ Western Australia, OzGrav, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
G. Bevilacqua - University of Siena
N. Bevins - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
S. Bhagwat - University of Birmingham
R. Bhandare - Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology
R. Bhatt - CALTECH, LIGO Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
D. Bhattacharjee - Missouri University of Science and Technology
S. Bhattacharyya - Indian Institute of Technology Madras
S. Bhaumik - University of Florida
V. Biancalana - University of Siena
A. Bianchi - National Institute for Subatomic Physics
I. A. Bilenko - Lomonosov Moscow State University
G. Billingsley - California Institute of Technology
A. Binetti - Katholieke Univ Leuven, Oude Markt 13, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
S. Bini - California Institute of Technology
C. Binu - Rochester Institute of Technology
S. Biot - Université Libre de Bruxelles
O. Birnholtz - Bar-Ilan University
S. Biscoveanu - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
A. Bisht - Leibniz University Hannover
M. Bitossi - European Gravitational Observatory
M-A. Bizouard - Université Côte d'Azur
S. Blaber - University of British Columbia
J. K. Blackburn - California Institute of Technology
L. A. Blagg - University of Oregon
C. D. Blair - The University of Western Australia
D. G. Blair - The University of Western Australia
N. Bode - Leibniz University Hannover
N. Boettner - Universität Hamburg
G. Boileau - Université Côte d'Azur
M. Boldrini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I
G. N. Bolingbroke - The University of Adelaide
A. Bolliand - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
L. D. Bonavena - University of Florida
R. Bondarescu - Univ Barcelona UB, Inst Ciencies Cosmos ICCUB, C Marti i Franques 1, Barcelona 08028, Spain
F. Bondu - Institut de Physique de Rennes
E. Bonilla - Stanford University
M. S. Bonilla - California State University, Fullerton
A. Bonino - Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England
R. Bonnand - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
A. Borchers - Leibniz University Hannover
S. Borhanian - Pennsylvania State University
V. Boschi - University of Wisconsin–Madison
S. Bose - Washington State Univ, Pullman, WA 99164 USA
V. Bossilkov - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Y. Bothra - National Institute for Subatomic Physics
A. Boudon - Lyon 1 Université
L. Bourg - Georgia Institute of Technology
M. Boyle - Georgia Institute of Technology
A. Bozzi - European Gravitational Observatory
C. Bradaschia - Goddard Space Flight Center
P. R. Brady - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
A. Branch - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
M. Branchesi - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze
I. Braun - Kenyon College
T. Briant - Sorbonne Université
A. Brillet - Université Côte d'Azur
M. Brinkmann - Leibniz University Hannover
P. Brockill - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
E. Brockmueller - Leibniz University Hannover
A. F. Brooks - California Institute of Technology
B. C. Brown - University of Florida
D. D. Brown - The University of Adelaide
M. L. Brozzetti - University of Perugia
S. Brunett - California Institute of Technology
G. Bruno - UCLouvain
R. Bruntz - Christopher Newport Univ, Newport News, VA 23606 USA
J. Bryant - Univ Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England
Y. Bu - The University of Melbourne
F. Bucci - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze
J. Buchanan - Christopher Newport University
O. Bulashenko - Universitat de Barcelona
T. Bulik - Astronomical Observatory
H. J. Bulten - National Institute for Subatomic Physics
A. Buonanno - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
K. Burtnyk - LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA
R. Buscicchio - University of Milano-Bicocca
D. Buskulic - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
C. Buy - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
R. L. Byer - Stanford University
G. S. Cabourn Davies - University of Portsmouth
R. Cabrita - UCLouvain
V. Caceres-Barbosa - Pennsylvania State University
L. Cadonati - Georgia Institute of Technology
G. Cagnoli - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
C. Cahillane - California Institute of Technology
A. Calafat - Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears
T. A. Callister - California Institute of Technology
E. Calloni - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
S. R. Callos - University of Oregon
G. Caneva Santoro - Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology
K. C. Cannon - The University of Tokyo
H. Cao - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
L. A. Capistran - Texas A&M University
E. Capocasa - Université Paris Cité
E. Capote - California State University, Fullerton
G. Capurri - University of Pisa
G. Carapella - University of Salerno
F. Carbognani - European Gravitational Observatory
M. Carlassara - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
J. B. Carlin - The University of Melbourne
T. K. Carlson - University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
M. F. Carney - Kenyon College
M. Carpinelli - European Gravitational Observatory
G. Carrillo - Univ Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403 USA
J. J. Carter - Leibniz University Hannover
G. Carullo - University of Birmingham
A. Casallas-Lagos - Universidad de Guadalajara
J. Casanueva Diaz - European Gravitational Observatory
C. Casentini - University of Rome Tor Vergata
S. Y. Castro-Lucas - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
S. Caudill - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
M. Cavaglia - University of Mississippi
R. Cavalieri - European Gravitational Observatory
A. Ceja - California State University, Fullerton
G. Cella - Goddard Space Flight Center
P. Cerda-Duran - Universitat de València
E. Cesarini - Goddard Space Flight Center
N. Chabbra - Australian National University
W. Chaibi - Université Côte d'Azur
A. Chakraborty - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research
P. Chakraborty - Leibniz University Hannover
S. Chakraborty - University of Warwick
S. Chalathadka Subrahmanya - Universität Hamburg
J. C. L. Chan - University of Copenhagen
M. Chan - University of British Columbia
K. Chandra - Pennsylvania State University
K. Chang - Natl Cent Univ, Taoyuan 320317, Taiwan
S. Chao - National Central University
P. Charlton - Charles Sturt University
E. Chassande-Mottin - Délégation Paris 7
C. Chatterjee - Vanderbilt University
Debarati Chatterjee - Interuniv Ctr Astron & Astrophys, Pune 411007, Maharashtra, India
Deep Chatterjee - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
M. Chaturvedi - Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology
S. Chaty - Univ Paris Cite, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France
A. Chen - National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
A. H-Y. Chen - National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
D. Chen - Natl Astron Observ Japan, Kamioka Branch, 238 Higashi Mozumi,Kamioka Cho, Hida City, Gifu 5061205, Japan
H. Chen - Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
H. Y. Chen - Univ Texas Austin, Austin, TX 78712 USA
S. Chen - Vanderbilt University
Yanbei Chen - California Institute of Technology
Yitian Chen - California Institute of Technology
H. P. Cheng - Northeastern University
P. Chessa - Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
H. T. Cheung - University of Michigan
S. Y. Cheung - Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute
F. Chiadini - University of Salerno
G. Chiarini - Leibniz University Hannover
A. Chiba - University of Toyama
A. Chincarini - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova
M. L. Chiofalo - University of Pisa
A. Chiummo - European Gravitational Observatory
C. Chou - Natl Yang Ming Chiao Tung Univ, Dept Electrophys, 101 Univ St, Hsinchu, Taiwan
S. Choudhary - The University of Western Australia
N. Christensen - Carleton College
S. S. Y. Chua - Australian National University
G. Ciani - University of Padua
P. Ciecielag - Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center
M. Cieslar - Astronomical Observatory
M. Cifaldi - University of Rome Tor Vergata
B. Cirok - University of Szeged
F. Clara - LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA
A. Clark - University of Birmingham
J. A. Clark - California Institute of Technology
T. A. Clarke - Monash University
P. Clearwater - The University of Melbourne
S. Clesse - Université Libre de Bruxelles
F. Cleva - Université Côte d'Azur
E. Coccia - Gran Sasso Science Institute
E. Codazzo - Univ Cagliari, Dept Phys, INFN Cagliari, I-09042 Cagliari, Italy
P-F. Cohadon - Sorbonne Université
S. Colace - University of Genoa
E. Colangeli - University of Portsmouth
M. Colleoni - Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears
C. G. Collette - Goddard Space Flight Center
J. Collins - LIGO Livingston Observ, Los Angeles, CA 70754 USA
S. Colloms - University of Glasgow
A. Colombo - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca
C. M. Compton - LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA
G. Connolly - University of Oregon
L. Conti - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Padova
T. R. Corbitt - Louisiana State University
I. Cordero-Carrion - Universitat de València
S. Corezzi - University of Perugia
M. Corman - Albert Einstein Inst, Max Planck Inst Gravitat Phys, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany
N. J. Cornish - Montana State University
I. Coronado - Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
A. Corsi - Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
R. Cottingham - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
M. W. Coughlin - Carleton College
A. Couineaux - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
P. Couvares - California Institute of Technology
D. M. Coward - The University of Western Australia
R. Coyne - University of Rhode Island
A. Cozzumbo - Gran Sasso Science Institute
J. D. E. Creighton - University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
T. D. Creighton - The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
P. Cremonese - Fundació Universitat-Empresa de les Illes Balears
S. Crook - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
R. Crouch - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
J. Csizmazia - University of Liège
J. R. Cudell - University of Liège
T. J. Cullen - Louisiana State University
A. Cumming - University of Glasgow
E. Cuoco - European Gravitational Observatory
M. Cusinato - Universitat de València
L. V. Da Conceicao - University of Manitoba
T. Dal Canton - Goddard Space Flight Center
S. Dal Pra - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Centro Nazionale Analisi Fotogrammi
G. Dalya - Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules
B. D'Angelo - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova
S. Danilishin - Maastricht University
S. D'Antonio - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I
K. Danzmann - Leibniz University Hannover
K. E. Darroch - Christopher Newport University
L. P. Dartez - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
R. Das - Indian Inst Technol Madras, Chennai 600036, Tamil Nadu, India
A. Dasgupta - Inst Plasma Res, Bhat 382428, Gandhinagar, India
V. Dattilo - European Gravitational Observatory
A. Daumas - Univ Paris Cite, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France
N. Davari - University of Sassari
I. Dave - Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology
A. Davenport - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
M. Davier - Université Paris-Sud
T. F. Davies - The University of Western Australia
D. Davis - California Institute of Technology
L. Davis - Univ Western Australia, OzGrav, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
M. C. Davis - University of Minnesota System
P. Davis - Univ Normandie, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS,IN2P3,LPC Caen, F-14000 Caen, France
E. J. Daw - University of Sheffield
M. Dax - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
J. De Bolle - Ghent University
M. Deenadayalan - Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
J. Degallaix - Université de Lyon
M. De Laurentis - University of Naples Federico II
F. De Lillo - UCLouvain
S. Della Torre - Mylan (Switzerland)
W. Del Pozzo - University of Pisa
A. Demagny - Université Savoie Mont Blanc
F. De Marco - Sapienza University of Rome
G. Demasi - University of Florence
F. De Matteis - University of Rome Tor Vergata
N. Demos - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
T. Dent - Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
A. Depasse - UCLouvain
N. DePergola - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
R. De Pietri - University of Parma
R. De Rosa - University of Naples Federico II
C. De Rossi - European Gravitational Observatory
M. Desai - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
R. DeSalvo - California State University Los Angeles
A. DeSimone - Marquette University
R. De Simone - University of Salerno
A. Dhani - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
R. Diab - Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
M. C. Diaz - The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
M. Di Cesare - University of Naples Federico II
G. Dideron - Perimeter Institute
T. Dietrich - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
L. Di Fiore - Goddard Space Flight Center
C. Di Fronzo - The University of Western Australia
M. Di Giovanni - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
T. Di Girolamo - Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy
D. Diksha - Maastricht University
J. Ding - Univ Paris Cite, CNRS, Astroparticule & Cosmol, F-75013 Paris, France
S. Di Pace - Sapienza University of Rome
I. Di Palma - Sapienza University of Rome
D. Di Piero - University of Trieste
F. Di Renzo - Lyon 1 Université
Divyajyoti - Cardiff University
A. Dmitriev - University of Birmingham
J. P. Docherty - University of Glasgow
Z. Doctor - University of Chicago
N. Doerksen - University of Manitoba
E. Dohmen - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
A. Doke - University of Massachusetts Dartmouth
A. Domiciano De Souza - Université Côte d'Azur
L. D'Onofrio - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
F. Donovan - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
K. L. Dooley - Cardiff University
T. Dooney - Utrecht University
S. Doravari - Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics
O. Dorosh - Natl Ctr Nucl Res, PL-05400 Otwock, Poland
W. J. D. Doyle - Christopher Newport University
M. Drago - Sapienza University of Rome
J. C. Driggers - LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA
L. Dunn - Univ Melbourne, OzGrav, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia
U. Dupletsa - Gran Sasso Sci Inst GSSI, I-67100 Laquila, Italy
P-A. Duverne - Université Paris Cité
D. D'Urso - University of Cagliari
P. Dutta Roy - University of Florida
H. Duval - Vrije Universiteit Brussel
S. E. Dwyer - LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA
C. Eassa - LIGO Hanford Observ, Richland, WA 99352 USA
W. E. East - Perimeter Inst, Waterloo, ON N2L 2Y5, Canada
M. Ebersold - University of Zurich
T. Eckhardt - Universität Hamburg
G. Eddolls - Syracuse University
A. Effler - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
J. Eichholz - Australian National University
H. Einsle - Université Côte d'Azur
M. Eisenmann - National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
M. Emma - Universidad de Londres
K. Endo - University of Toyama
R. Enficiaud - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
L. Errico - University of Naples Federico II
R. Espinosa - The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
M. Esposito - Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy
R. C. Essick - University of Toronto
H. Estelles - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
T. Etzel - California Institute of Technology
M. Evans - MIT, LIGO Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
T. Evstafyeva - Perimeter Institute
B. E. Ewing - Pennsylvania State University
J. M. Ezquiaga - University of Copenhagen
F. Fabrizi - University of Urbino
V. Fafone - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
S. Fairhurst - Cardiff University
A. M. Farah - University of Chicago
B. Farr - University of Oregon
W. M. Farr - Flatiron Health (United States)
G. Favaro - University of Padua
M. Favata - Montclair State University
M. Fays - University of Liège
M. Fazio - University of Strathclyde
J. Feicht - California Institute of Technology
M. M. Fejer - Stanford University
R. Felicetti - University of Trieste
E. Fenyvesi - HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics
J. Fernandes - Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
T. Fernandes - Universitat de València
D. Fernando - Rochester Institute of Technology
S. Ferraiuolo - Aix-Marseille Université
T. A. Ferreira - Louisiana State University
F. Fidecaro - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Napoli
P. Figura - Polish Academy of Sciences
E. Finch - California Institute of Technology
A. Fiori - CALTECH, LIGO Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
I. Fiori - European Gravitational Observatory
M. Fishbach - University of Toronto
R. P. Fisher - Christopher Newport University
R. Fittipaldi - Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, Grp Collegato Salerno, I-80126 Naples, Italy
V. Fiumara - University of Basilicata
R. Flaminio - Université de Lyon
S. M. Fleischer - LIGO Scientific Collaboration
L. S. Fleming - University of the West of Scotland
E. Floden - University of Minnesota
H. Fong - University of Toronto
J. A. Font - Universitat de València
F. Fontinele-Nunes - University of Minnesota System
C. Foo - Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics
B. Fornal - University of Utah
K. Franceschetti - Univ Parma, Dipartimento Sci Matemat Fis & Informat, I-43124 Parma, Italy
N. Franchini - University of Lisbon
F. Frappez - Laboratoire d’Annecy de Physique des Particules
S. Frasca - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Roma I
F. Frasconi - Goddard Space Flight Center
J. P. Freed - Embry–Riddle Aeronautical University
Z. Frei - Eötvös Loránd University
Ray-Kuang Lee - 國立清華大學, 半導體研究學院
A. Freise - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
LIGO Scientific Collaboration (作者)
Virgo Collaboration (作者)
KAGRA Collaboration (作者)
出版者: American Physical Society
總頁數: 26
補助款備註: NSF's LIGO Laboratory - National Science Foundation Science & Engineering Research Board (SERB), India European Union-European Regional Development Fund; European Union (EU) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Ministry of Human Resource Development, India State of Niedersachsen/Germany National Research, Development and Innovation Office of Hungary (NKFIH) Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) in Korea Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA); Orszagos Tudomanyos Kutatasi Alapprogramok (OTKA) Scottish Funding Council
學術資源類型: 期刊文章
出版日期: 30/01/2026
出版資訊: Physical Review Letters, 卷.136(4), 041403
語言: 英語

Black Hole Spectroscopy and Tests of General Relativity with GW250114

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