Abstract
A bifunctional TiO 2 layer having an inner compact layer and an outer anchoring layer coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass could reduce the charge recombination and interfacial contact resistance between FTO and the main TiO 2 layer; photoelectron conversion efficiency of cell was increased from 7.31 to 8.04% by incorporating the bifunctional layer. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.