Abstract
The use of costly and rare metals such as indium and gallium in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) based solar cells has motivated research into the use of Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 (CZTS) as a suitable replacement due to its non-toxicity, abundance of compositional elements and excellent optical properties (1.5 eV direct band gap and absorption coefficient of ∼10 4 cm -1 ). In this study, we demonstrate a one-step pulsed hybrid electrodeposition method (PHED), which combines electrophoretic and electroplating deposition to deposit uniform CZTS thin-films. Through careful analysis and optimization, we are able to demonstrate CZTS solar cells with the V OC , J SC , FF and η of 350 mV, 3.90 mA/cm 2 , 0.43 and 0.59%, respectively.