摘要
Biochar production has emerged as a highly effective strategy for waste-to-resource conversion. In this study, biochar derived from waste chopsticks was doped with Fe 3 O 4 using MIL-100 (Fe)—a metal-organic framework (MOF)—was synthesized at various pyrolysis temperatures and designated as Fe 3 O 4 @BC. The catalyst was employed to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the removal of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), a widely used brominated flame retardant (BFR). Remarkably, the Fe 3 O 4 @BC/PMS system achieved 98 % TBBPA removal within 30 min. The exceptional catalytic performance of Fe 3 O 4 @BC was attributed to the uniform dispersion of iron oxides and the abundance of oxygen-containing functional groups on the biochar surface. The underlying mechanism of TBBPA degradation was systematically investigated, revealing two distinct degradation pathways and identifying 18 by-products using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and density functional theory (DFT) analysis. Furthermore, scavenger tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra demonstrated that superoxide radicals (O 2 ·− ) played a critical role in TBBPA degradation within the catalyst/PMS system. This study highlights the immense potential of biochar derived from waste chopsticks as an eco-friendly and efficient catalyst. Key advantages include the utilization of solid waste, reduced toxicity of degradation intermediates, and effective PMS activation for the degradation of BFRs.