摘要
The catalytic oxidation of water and C(sp 3 )−H bonds enables the conversion of solar/electrochemical energy into chemical energy and alcohol fuel production, respectively, and therefore plays important roles in energy conversion/storage. These transformations are typically catalyzed by the highly active complexes of the earth-abundant first-row transition metals (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu) with tetra-amido macrocyclic ligands (TAMLs), although the related kinetics and thermodynamics remain underexplored. This review uses free energy relationships between kinetic and thermodynamic descriptors as normalized metrics to benchmark/compare these TAML-based catalysts and assess the advances in their development.