Abstract
In this paper, an image authentication technique by embedding digital ""watermarks"" into images is proposed. Watermarking is a technique for labeling digital pictures by hiding secret information into the images. Sophisticated watermark embedding is a potential method to discourage unauthorized copying or attest the origin of the images. In our approach, we embed the watermarks with visually recognizable patterns into the images by selectively modifying the middle-frequency parts of the image. Several variations of the proposed method will be addressed. The experimental results show that the proposed technique successfully survives image processing operations, image cropping, and the Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) lossy compression. © 1999 IEEE.