摘要
We fabricated two emerging nanorod-based smart windows with WO3 and NiO nanorods grown on the ITO/glass and ITO/muscovite mica (MM) substrates, respectively. The WO3/ITO/glass and WO3/ITO/MM substrates are excellent working electrodes, while the NiO/ITO/glass and NiO/ITO/MM substrates are exceptional counter electrodes. The nanorod-based WO3/Li+(s)/NiO@glass smart window consists of a WO3/ITO/glass working electrode, a NiO/ITO/glass counter electrode, and a solid-gel LiClO4 electrolyte (labeled as Li+(s)), respectively. The other nanorod-based WO3/Li+(s)/NiO@MM is comprised of a WO3/ITO/MM working electrode, a NiO/ITO/MM counter electrode, and a solid-gel LiClO4 electrolyte, respectively. Both the nanorod-based WO3/Li+(s)/NiO@glass and WO3/Li+(s)/NiO@MM smart windows have brilliant dual-band (red and near-infrared lights) electrochromic behaviors, such as large transmittance differences (ΔT), fast response times (bleaching time, tb, and coloration time, tc) at red (680 nm) and near infrared (1000 nm) lights and great electrochromic retention (4000 cycles), and outstanding pseudocapacitive performances like good specific capacitances of ∼18.4 F/g and ∼7.6 F/g, intensive power densities of ∼1779 W/kg and ∼2100 W/kg with corresponding energy densities of ∼5.4 Wh/kg and ∼2.2 Wh/kg, enormous pseudocapacitive retention (10,000 cycles), and so on. Therefore, the brilliant dual-band electrochromic behaviors and outstanding pseudocapacitive performances make the nanorod-based WO3/Li+(s)/NiO@glass and WO3/Li+(s)/NiO@MM smart windows tremendous for use in multifunctional energy-saving-conversion devices.
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•Two sandwich nanorod-based smart windows possess both outstanding electrochromic and pseudocapacitive behaviors.•Solid-gel LiCO4 electrolyte makes the sandwich nanorod-based smart windows more convenient and potential for energy-saving and conversion.•Two sandwich nanorod-based smart windows have fast response times and dual-band (visible and near infrared bands) electrochromic property.•Two sandwich nanorod-based smart windows possess long-term retentions for both electrochromic and pseudocapacitive performances.