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Preparing Biosurveillance Data for Classic Monitoring
Journal article

Preparing Biosurveillance Data for Classic Monitoring

Thomas Lotze, Sean P. Murphy and Galit Shmueli
Advances in Disease Surveillance, Vol.2(2), pp.55-55
2007

Abstract

biosurveillance;Shewhart;CuSum;EWMA
<p><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">Modern&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">biosurveillance</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;relies on multiple sources of both pre-diagnostic and diagnostic&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">data</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">, up-dated daily, to discover disease outbreaks. Intrinsic to this effort are two assumptions: (1) the&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">data </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">being analyzed contain early indicators of a disease outbreak and (2) the outbreaks to be detected are not known a priori. However, in addition to outbreak indicators, syndromic&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">data </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">streams include such factors as day-of-week effects, seasonal effects, autocorrelation, and global trends. These explainable factors obscure unexplained outbreak events and their presence in the&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">data</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;violates standard control chart assumptions.&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">Monitoring </span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">tools such as Shewhart, CuSum, and EWMA control charts will alert largely based on these explainable factors instead of on outbreaks. The goal of this paper is twofold: First, to describe a set of tools&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">for</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;identifying explainable patterns such as temporal dependence, and second, to survey and examine several&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">data</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;preconditioning methods that significantly reduce these explainable factors, yielding&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">data</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;better suited&nbsp;</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">for</span></span></span></span>&nbsp;<span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Trebuchet MS&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">monitoring</span></span></span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="background:white"><span style="font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><span style="color:black">&nbsp;using the popular control charts.</span></span></span></span></p>

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