Abstract
This study is the second-year study of a comprehensive three-year research program, with its major focuses on exploring the nature and concept of accountability and responsibility and their application in the area of instructional leadership within elementary schools , through a design of interview of 9 elementary principals. directors and teachers. The major findings are as follows: 1. Three principals all demonstrated direct instructional leadership behaviors on the area of direction-guiding and conceptualization. 2. Three Principals all adopted ＂empowerment with accountability＂ strategy and let the trusted and professional experts to implement operational tasks. 3. This study forund that accountability and responsibility can be exchanged and furthermore, people with responsibility can be encouraged to be more accountable for their works. . 4. Both principals serving S5 and S6 adopted ＂hold principal accountable first and then facilitate partner responsible and finally hold partner accountable＂ model to implement instructional leadership tasks. 5. In terms of the level of accountability, this study found that S3 principal focused on ＂personal accountability＂, while S6 principal emphasized more on .＂team accountability＂.