Abstract
Pi-Hsin-Chi-Tuo theory has been around a long time, and as entertaining literature, Tsu was not strictly required to utilize Pi-Hsin-Chi-Tuo to express political emotion. However, to advocate Tsu and promote its moral character, it was inevitable to adopt the expression of Poet, and to comprise profound inner beauty of life and political consciousness by inheriting experiences of Poet. To differentiate the spiritual essence between Tsu and Poet, Tsu authors not only weakened traditional conscious of follower, but also enriched the consigning spirit of Chu Sao. Tsu's Chi-Tao theory was exactly the development and transformation of Poet's Pi-Hsin theory, but finally, Tsu developed its own esthetic characteristics.It wasn't until the development of Chung Cho Tsu faction in Ching Dynasty, that the Pi-Hsin-Chi-Tuo was prevailed. Therefore, Chang Cho faction has long been the focus of Pi-Hsin-Chi-Tuo rather than Sung Tsu when discussing Tsu's Pi-Hsin-Chi-Tuo theory.Consequently, factions of Yun Chien, Yang Hsien and Che His were seldom discussed. To adequately evaluate the contribution of Chang Cho Tsu, it is necessary to thoroughly investigate Pi-Hsin-Chi-Tuo theory of Yun Chien, Yang Hsien and Che His.This article intends to reveal the generation and transformation of Pi-Hsin-Chi-Tuo in the Ching Dynasty by exploring the background, the inner beauty and essence, and the development of Pi-Hsin-Chi-Tuo in Ching Tsu. The objective is to supplement the insufficient research on Pi-Hsin-Chi-Tuo theory conducted previously.