Abstract
<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">教科書是學校教學活動及評量的主要依據，然自民國</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">73</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">年公布特殊教育法，致力推動融合教育以來，對教科書中身心障礙者出現率及相關內涵的探討卻甚為不足。</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">108</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">學年度實施十二年國民基本教育課綱，現行教科書內涵依據十二年國教課綱中必須融入的議題，人權教育及生命教育均列其中。為因應前述因素，本文先以文獻回顧分析法，分析</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">2018</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">年前國內探討身心障礙者在國小國語文教科書中出現率及相關內涵，歸納結論為</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">:1.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">身心障礙者出現率低於</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">5%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">；</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">2.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">障礙類別多肢體與感官類；</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">3.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">人物意象從令人憐憫轉變為勵志或勇者形象；</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">4.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">書中</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">80%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">以上使用「傑出身心障礙人士」策略傳達身心障礙相關知識；</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">5.</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">缺乏身心障礙者自身出發之觀點。本研究接著採內容分析法，分析</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">101</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">至</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">106</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">學年度，康軒、翰林與南一出版國小國語文教科書中身心障礙者出現率及其他相關內涵。研究結果為</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">:</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">（一）總計</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">2936</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">篇文章，身心障礙者有</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">36</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">篇，出現率為</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">1.23%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">；（二）文章中，特殊教育法規所規定十三種障別中僅出現</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">6</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">種，並以肢體、多重障礙、感官障礙及身體病弱類居多共佔</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">97.2%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">，隱性障礙的學習障礙類別僅曾出現一次；（三）文章七成以上以國內人士為例，但人物時代背景與現今教科書使用者有十年至三十年以上差距；（四）三家出版社皆曾調整教科書內容，</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">101</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">學年度南一版出現率有</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">2.4%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">，為三家出版社最高，其次是康軒、翰林，調整後</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">106</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">學年度最高者為翰林出版社有</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">2.47%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">，其次為康軒</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">0.6%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">、南一則為</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">0%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">。近五年來身心障礙者出現率不僅不穩定，且比率亦呈現下滑趨勢：康軒由</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">101</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">學年度</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">1.8%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">降至</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">106</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">學年度</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">0.61%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">；南一由</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">101</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">學年度</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">2.4%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">降至</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">106</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">學年度</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">0%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">；惟翰林版出現率上升由</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">101</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">學年度</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">1.21%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">升至</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">106</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">學年度</span></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">2.47%</span></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="font-family:"新細明體",serif">。（五）課文內容近八成由他人撰寫編輯，仍然缺乏由身心障礙者自身出發之觀察角度。相關討論及建議於文內呈現。</span></span></p>