摘要
A liquid crystal display apparatus, having a designated drive composed of a group of electrodes forming pixels in a n.times.m matrix and active devices, in which the electrodes have a structure such that an electric field parallel to the interface can be applied to the liquid crystal composite layer, and the cell-gap between substrates facing each other is 6 .mu.m or less and the response time is less than or equal to 100 ms, and greater than or equal to 1 ms.