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Direct multi-model dark-matter search with gravitational-wave interferometers using data from the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run
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Direct multi-model dark-matter search with gravitational-wave interferometers using data from the first part of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run

The LIGO Scientific Collaboration, the Virgo Collaboration, the KAGRA Collaboration, A. G Abac, I Abouelfettouh, F Acernese, K Ackley, C Adamcewicz, S Adhicary, D Adhikari, …
11/12/2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2510.27022

摘要

Physics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Physics - General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Gravitational-wave detectors can probe the existence of dark matter with exquisite sensitivity. Here, we perform a search for three kinds of dark matter -- dilatons (spin-0), dark photons (spin-1) and tensor bosons (spin-2) -- using three independent methods on the first part of the most recent data from the fourth observing run of LIGO--Virgo--KAGRA. Each form of dark matter could have interacted with different standard-model particles in the instruments, causing unique differential strains on the interferometers. While we do not find any evidence for a signal, we place the most stringent upper limits to-date on each of these models. For scalars with masses between$[4\times 10^{-14},1.5\times 10^{-13}]$eV that couple to photons or electrons, our constraints improve upon those from the third observing run by one order of magnitude, with the tightest limit of$\sim 10^{-20}\,\text{GeV}^{-1}$at a mass of$\sim2\times 10^{-13}\text{ eV}$ . For vectors with masses between$[7\times 10^{-13},8.47\times 10^{-12}]$eV that couple to baryons, our constraints supersede those from MICROSCOPE and Eöt-Wash by one to two orders of magnitude, reaching a minimum of$\sim 5\times 10^{-24}$at a mass of$\sim 10^{-12}$eV. For tensors with masses of$[4\times 10^{-14},8.47\times 10^{-12}]$eV (the full mass range analyzed) that couple via a Yukawa interaction, our constraints surpass those from fifth-force experiments by four to five orders of magnitude, achieving a limit as low as$\sim 8\times 10^{-9}$at$\sim2\times 10^{-13}$eV. Our results show that gravitational-wave interferometers have become frontiers for new physics and laboratories for direct multi-model dark-matter detection.

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